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EN
Fluorine and tungsten co-doped tin (IV) oxide (WFTO) thin films have been prepared first time by a sol–gel spin coating method. The effect of F and W co-dopant ratio on optical, electrical and structural properties of SnO2 was investigated. It was found that the optical properties of the films were obviously affected by the co-dopant ratio. When the F:W co-dopant ratio increases from 0.25:0.25 to 0.75:0.50, the transmittance in the short wavelengths slightly increases and transmittance edge shifts towards shorter wavelength. With an increase in the co-dopant ratio, the reduction and red shifts in the optical transmittance edge are very obvious at all wavelengths. Transmittance values at 550 nm for the films have varied between 79.64% and 50.20%. The indirect and direct band gap values for WFTO-1, WFTO-2, WFTO-3 and WFTO-4 samples were calculated to be 3.73, 3.79, 3.48, 3.40 eV and 4.03, 4.04, 3.98, 3.97 eV, respectively. The crystal structure of the films has been investigated by X-ray diffraction patterns. It has been observed that WFTO-1 and WFTO-2 samples have (111) preferential orientation corresponding to SnO2 cubic phase. This orientation almost disappears and changes to tetragonal phase (110) orientation for WFTO-3 and WFTO-4. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first cubic structure observation for SnO2 grown by the sol–gel technique. The electrical properties were also changed with co-doping ratio. The best optical, electrical and structural properties were obtained for mole ratio 0.75:0.50 (F:W).
EN
A 14-year-old male with a neck pain and hypoesthesia in the upper extremities was diagnosed with Chiari type I malformation (CMI) and syringomyelia. The posterior part of the occipital bone was removed via cranio-cervical decompression. The accuracy of measuring the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) and foramen magnum (FM) dimensions were evaluated and compared with the literature. The linear PCF and FM dimensions as well as volumes were measured using computed tomography (CT) images with different techniques. The volume data were compared with similar data from literature. Use of the posterior fossa approach remains controversial when treating patients with minor little brain stem dislocation, small PCF, and or incomplete C1, but the approach can easily be applied if FM and PCF sizes are known. Linear measurements that were assessed for concordance with CT measurements had the best agreement. Quantification of PCF volume and high FM should be taken into consideration for differential diagnosis of tonsillar herniation and prediction of surgical outcome in CMI. (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 3: 402–406)
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