Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Turcja jako wschodzący donator

100%

Nowak W.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

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2015

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tom 3(75)

PL

Od początku XXI wieku wschodzące gospodarki zaczęły aktywnie udzielać pomocy rozwojowej krajom rozwijającym się. W 2004 roku do grona wschodzących donatorów dołączyła Turcja. Obecnie otrzymuje dużą pomoc (głównie od Unii Europejskiej) i jednocześnie jest jednym z ważniejszych nowych donatorów. W 2013 roku na pomoc rozwojową przeznaczyła ponad 3 mld USD. Turcja udziela pomocy przede wszystkim krajom muzułmańskim w regionie. Rośnie także turecka pomoc dla Afryki. Turcja jako donator dąży głównie do osiągnięcia stabilizacji w regionie, pozyskania nowych rynków dla swoich towarów i wsparcia na forum międzynarodowym. Wypracowuje standardy świadczenia pomocy pośrednie między stosowanymi przez tradycyjnych i nowych donatorów. Od donatorów DAC/OECD różni się tym, że nie stawia politycznych warunków swoim beneficjentom i nie przeznacza pomocy w pierwszej kolejności na promowanie demokracji czy dobrego rządzenia w krajach odbiorcach. W przeciwieństwie do innych wschodzących donatorów, nie zrywa z relacją donator-odbiorca i nie przywiązuje dużego znaczenia do współpracy Południe-Południe.

EN

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century emerging economies have been actively providing development assistance to developing countries. Turkey became an emerging donor in 2004. Now, it is a beneficiary of development aid (mainly from the European Union) and at the same time one of the most important new donors. In 2013, Turkey delivered over 3 billion US dollars in official development assistance. The main Turkish recipients are Muslim countries in the region. Besides, Turkey’s aid to Africa has been steadily growing. The main aim of the Turkish development assistance policy is stabilization in the region, access to new markets, and support from international organisations. The rules according to which Turkish assistance is provided to developing countries are half way between those established by traditional and new donors. In contrast to DAC donors, Turkey provides unconditional assistance and does not primarily use its aid to promote democracy and good governance in recipient countries. Unlike other emerging donors, Turkey does not depart from the donor-recipient relationship and does not attach great importance to the South-South cooperation.

2

Pomoc rozwojowa krajów BASIC

100%

Nowak W.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

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2015

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nr 3 (7)

46-64

EN

Since the first decade of the twenty first century Brazil, China, India and South Africa (BASIC countries) have substantially increased their development assistance to developing countries. Now, they are called the main emerging (new) donors. BASIC countries are donors and recipient countries at the same time. They still receive a lot of assistance from developed countries and international organisations. At the same time they provide development assistance to the South. As new donors they both change the rules of providing aid established by traditional donors and reduce the possibility of their impact on the economic policies of developing countries. The aim of the article is the presentation of development aid policies of Brazil, China, India and South Africa. The level of aid is estimated on the reports which are available on the government websites of BASIC countries and data presented by different authors in the literature. However, because of the complexity of the emerging donors’aid system, the figures do not fully show the actual state. Among BASIC countries China is the biggest donor and South Africa offers the lowest amount of aid. India and Brazil provided similar amounts of development assistance to developing countries in the years 2007-2010. The investigation shows that Brazil, China, India nad South Africa instead of providing conditional aid prefer development cooperation. They break with the hierarchical donor-recipient relationship, declare solidarity with Southern countries and respect their national sovereignty and independence. Moreover, they show greater sensitivity to the needs of developing countries and share with them their own experiences in the field of socio-economic development. Their development aid/cooperation is set to obtain mutual benefits and creates conditions for further economic cooperation. For BASIC countries the development aid/cooperation is also an important tool of their foreign policy. They often use aid to achieve political, strategic and economic objectives. However, their aid seems to be more attractive to developing countries and has a greater impact on their economic growth than the development assistance offered by the traditional donors.

3

Pomiary reaktywności źrenicy oka ludzkiego. Metody badań i zastosowania

63%

Hachoł A. , Nowak W.

Śląskie Wiadomości Elektryczne

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2023

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tom Nr 5 (149)

12-16

PL

Badanie reaktywności źrenicy oka, nazywane pupillometrią, jest bardzo dynamicznie rozwijającym się obszarem badań podstawowych i aplikacyjnych. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przybliżenie czytelnikowi zasady pomiaru, budowy urządzeń pomiarowych, metod analizy sygnałów oraz niektórych praktycznych zastosowań pupillometrii.

EN

The study of eye pupil reactivity, called pupillometry, is a very dynamically developing area of basic and applied research. The aim of this article is to familiarize the reader with the principles of measurement, the construction of measuring devices, signal analysis methods and some practical applications of pupillometry.

4

Detecting Symptoms of Dementia in Elderly Persons using Features of Pupil Light Reflex

51%

Nakayama M. , Nowak W. , Zarowska A.

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2022

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tom Vol. 30

745--749

EN

A procedure for detecting cognitive impairment in senior citizens is examined using pupil light reflex (PLR) for chromatic light pulse and a portable measuring system. Features of PLRs of blue and red light pulses are compared. PLRs of elderly subjects were studied in order to develop a procedure for detection of the symptoms of cognitive function impairment using a dementia evaluation test. PLRs of both eyes were measured using blue and red light pulses aimed at either of the two eyes. The features of PLR waveforms for each eye were remained in comparable level for every group of participant. Three factor scores were calculated from the features, and a classification procedure for determining the level of dementia in a subject was created using regression analysis. As a result, the contribution of factor scores for blue light pulses according to a participant's age was confirmed.

5

Classification of Alzheimer's disease patients using metrics of oculo-motors

51%

Nowak W. , Nakayama M. , Trypka E. , Zarowska A.

Annals of Computer Science and Information Systems

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2021

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tom Vol. 25

403--407

EN

Ocular information was observed during a set of dementia tests involving participants with two diagnostic levels of illness, such as having Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a mild level of cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, and a control group. The number of participants was 26. Features of changes in pupil size and in the central position of both eyes were compared between three levels. There are significant differences in some of the metrics between the levels in the earlier test sessions. The possibility of classification was confirmed using the extracted features, and the contributions of some features were examined.