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EN
The aim of this article is to identify the lessons and challenges concerning e-learning in military organisations. The study analyses the cases of the U.S. Armed Forces and NATO distance learning programmes. Firstly, it points out cultural, technological, organisational and financial barriers to develop efficient and effective e-learning solutions in the military environment. Secondly, it discusses the challenges to measure the effectiveness of such initiatives. Thirdly, it presents the NATO attempts to combine technological, economic and pedagogical issues in one comprehensive e-learning concept. Then, it discusses the potential of e-learning technologies applicability in the Polish Armed Forces. Finally, it provides the recommendations for the Polish Armed Forces how to plan and implement distance learning solutions.
EN
The aim of the paper is to conceptualise the research problems on applying a project approach to managing military Lessons Learned processes. The following operational objectives have been established in order to achieve the aforementioned aim: (1) to analyse Lessons Learned processes in NATO and in the Polish Armed Forces; (2) to identify the scope and the assumptions of applying the project management methodology to managing military joint analyses within Lessons Learned processes; and (3) to identify research problems for further empirical surveys. The following research methods and techniques have been applied in order to achieve the objectives of the paper: the analysis of military documentation and literature, and the interviews with Lessons Learned practitioners representing the NATO Joint Analysis and Lessons Learned Centre (JALLC) and the Polish Armed Forces Doctrine and Training Centre (CDiS SZ).
EN
The aim of the paper is to study the challenges concerning organizational behaviors crucial for Lessons Learned capabilities in military organizations as well as to indentify the solutions and recommendations to develop and strengthen positive organizational culture, climate and behaviors fostering experiential learning. The attention is focused around positive behaviors recognized by NATO as the key success factors for Lessons Learned capabilities such as: the engagement of leaders, positive mindset, willingness to share information and stakeholder involvement. The contents of the paper are mainly based on the interviews with Lessons Learned experts and practitioners representing both NATO commands, bodies and national Lessons Learned military organizations. Moreover, the outcomes of the analysis of selected military documents and the literature survey contributed to the study.
EN
The aim of the paper is to analyze the knowledge creation and conversion processes in military organizations using the SECI model as a framework. First of all, knowledge creation activities in military organizations are identified and categorized. Then, knowledge socialization, externalization, combination and internalization processes are analyzed. The paper studies methods, techniques and tools applied by NATO and the U.S. Army to support the aforementioned processes. As regards the issue of knowledge socialization, counseling, coaching, mentoring and communities of practice are discussed. Lessons Learned systems and After Action Reviews illustrate the military approaches to knowledge externalization. Producing doctrines in the process of operational standardization is presented as a solution used by the military to combine knowledge in order to codify it. Finally, knowledge internalization through training and education is explored.
EN
The aim of the paper is to develop a model of successful collaborative learning for company innovativeness. First of all, the paper explores the issue of inter-firm learning, focusing its attention on collaborative learning. Secondly, inter-firm learning relationships are considered. Thirdly, the ex ante conditions of collaborative learning and the intra-organizational enhancers of inter-firm learning processes are studied. Finally, a model of the critical success factors for collaborative learning is developed.
EN
The aim of the paper is to identify and explore the key forces and trends within the security environment, which have taken place in the last two decades and are likely to shape the future. The research process is focused on the following study questions: (1) What have been the key forces and trends within the security environment in the last two decades? (2) What are potential impacts of these forces and trends on the future security environment? The analysis includes such issues as: geopolitics, economy, society, technology, and the natural environment. It is based on the data collected from unstructured expert interviews, narrative literature review and statistical data published by international organizations.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie oraz zbadanie kluczowych zjawisk i trendów w środowisku bezpieczeństwa, jakie wystąpiły w ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad, a także mają wpływ na jego przyszłość. Proces badawczy został skoncentrowany na poszukiwaniu odpowiedzi na następujące pytania problemowe: (1) Jakie były kluczowe zjawiska i trendy w środowisku bezpieczeństwa w ciągu ostatnich dwóch dekad? (2) Jakie są potencjalne skutki tych zjawisk i trendów w przyszłym środowisku bezpieczeństwa? Całość została opracowana na podstawie zebranych danych z wywiadów ekspertów, przeglądu literatury i danych statystycznych opublikowanych przez organizacje międzynarodowe w następujących obszarach środowiska bezpieczeństwa: geopolityka, gospodarka, społeczeństwo, technologia i środowisko naturalne.
EN
Contemporary national security systems face many challenges related to the changes taking place in the security and operating environments. Cognitive warfare, listed as one of such challenges, is often described as “the struggle for hearts and minds” because in cognitive warfare it is the human mind that becomes the battlefield. The aim of the paper is to identify and explore the key assumptions of cognitive warfare. The research process is focused on the following study questions: (1) What are the characteristics of cognitive warfare? (2) How can cognitive operations build an advantage over a competitor? (3) How to build resilience to cognitive operations? The analysis is based on the data collected with the use of the method of narrative literature review. Moreover, the authors’ participatory observations and lessons from national and international military research projects contributed to understanding and discussing the gist of cognitive warfare.
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