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1 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

1 2011

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RÍMSKY MÍLNIK Z GERULATY

100%

Kovács P. , Schmidtová J.

nr 2

311 – 318

Surprising finds of rich objects built of stone in the vicus were caused by the excavation in front of a family house at Irkutská Street. The stone construction built by advanced technology and with underfloor heating – hypocaustum – is representing a larger structure, three rooms of which with hypocaust pillars have been unearthed until now. At the line of southwestern wall of praefurnium at the southern part, a damaged, loosely situated fragment of stone with traces of inscription, a milestone made of limestone according to its shape, with broken upper and lower part, was found. The back and sides of the milestone were cut before its secondary use to fit to the masonry. Based on Volusianus tribunicia potestas (II, III or IV), the inscription is dated to the time interval between January 252 and August 253. The last line on the milestone probably gives the distance between the finding spot and the caput viae. As Gerulata was situated nearby the limit road, Carnuntum could be the only caput viae in this case. The milestone the most probably stood at the road leading along the Danube to the present-day Hainburg, perhaps by the Gerulata porta principalis sinistra (or 1 – 2 miles westward, on the road from Gerulata to Ad Flexum/Mosonmagyarovar). The milestone of Trebonianus Gallus and his son Volusianus at Gerulata is complementing the recent knowledge about the way milestones were erected in Pannonia under the reign of military emperors. The milestone sets the dating of the building with hypocaust to the last third of the 3rd century. Its erection in the years 252 – 253 suppose its secondary use during the third construction phase of the camp, when a smaller fort on square ground plan with mighty fortification walls was formed. Its construction is dated to the period after Aurelian´s reign, to the period typical with military reforms lasting from Gallienus (235 – 268) to Diocletian (284 – 305).