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A Heideggerian Reading of Knut Hamsun’s Growth of the Soil

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Kruszelnicki M.

Internetowy Magazyn Filozoficzny Hybris

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2012

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tom 17

EN

The article proposes a reading of Knut Hamsun’s Nobel Prize winning novel Growth of the Soil that will simultaneously follow the interpretive inspirations provided for it by the philosophical thought of Martin Heidegger. The “eco-critical” reading of Hamsun with Heidegger is encouraged by some intriguing similarities to be found between Heidegger’s and Hamsun’s perspectives of seeing the world and the relations human beings enter with it. It is argued that both Heidegger and Hamsun hoped for an existence that would be sensitive to the significance of the everydayness (both to the things created by man, and those brought forth by nature), but also open to receiving the world as a mysterious and extraordinary gift which exceeds human comprehension. I believe Hamsun’s famous novel provides the reader with a fine model of a “poetic dwelling” – the paramount idea late Heidegger was trying to illuminate.

2

Śmierć i (wieczny) powrót Zaratustry

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Kruszelnicki M.

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2018

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tom 43 (4)

EN

The paper argues that F. Nietzsche’s magnum opus Thus Spoke Zarathustra can be looked upon as a narrative about the protagonist’s maturation to understand, articulate and accept the thought of the eternal return which is tantamount to accepting the prospect of his own imminent death and the enigma of afterlife. I seek to prove that Zarathustra purposely defers systematic and coherent explanation of his deepest thought, as well as he dismisses its interpretations proposed by his animals, disciples, and by his main enemy – the dwarf. The thought of the eternal return can only be revealed, enacted. For this purpose, Zarathustra must actually die and return and by so doing bestow on the next generations the gift of his secret intuition. It can be argued convincingly that the last two chapters of part IV of Thus Spoke Zarathustra are conceived as a powerful performative reenactment of the thought of the eternal return as a selective force. The force, however, which does not bring a different (resp. “better”, “stronger”…) existence, as Gilles Deleuze would want it, but the very same, identical life.

3

Erotyzm – zło – intensywność: Dostojewski i Bataille

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Kruszelnicki M.

Tematy z Szewskiej

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2015

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nr Errotyzm 2(16)/2015

7-38

PL

W niniejszym tekście podejmuję się analizy literackich i filozoficznych podobieństw, jakie występują pomiędzy dwoma z pozoru całkowicie różnymi pisarzami: Fiodorem Dostojewskim i Georges’em Bataille’em. Badam przede wszystkim związki między transgresją normatywnych kodów kulturowych a poczuciem spełnienia i autentyczności egzystencji, której poszukują tzw. negatywni bohaterowie Dostojewskiego i które można problematyzować w kontekście filozofii Georges’a Bataille’a. Wszystkie śledzone przeze mnie wątki z Dostojewskiego odnajdują się na osi kategorii: erotyzm-zło-intensywność (autentyczność) i wpisują w problem mrocznej satysfakcji, jakiej doznaje jednostka w aktach przemocy i okrucieństwa wobec innych, samozatraty, doświadczenia wyniszczającej miłości, konfrontacji z ekstremalnym ryzykiem oraz samo-upodlenia i duchowej ruiny, którą waloryzuje się wyżej od harmonijnego i spokojnego życia. Moje dociekania sytuują się na pograniczu literaturoznawstwa i filozofii, chociaż to właśnie filozoficzna bliskość Dostojewskiego i Bataille’a interesuje mnie najbardziej. Z tego powodu umieszczam na marginesie ideologiczne i literackie konteksty stojące za kreacjami rosyjskiego pisarza, skupiając się bardziej na egzystencjalno-psychologicznym wymiarze jego dzieła, który Lew Szestow określił swego czasu mianem „filozofii podziemia” – filozofii tragedii i beznadziei w obliczu paradoksalnej natury człowieka. Ostatecznie, moje analizy mają w zamierzeniu pokazać Dostojewskiego jako wielkiego „nieobecnego” Batraille’owskiej „filozofii bliskości”.

EN

The following paper is an attempt at a comprehensive analysis of literary and philosophical congruences between seemingly distant writers: Fyodor Dostoevsky and Georges Bataille. I want to investigate here the question considered in both of the authors’ works, and concerning the relation between transgression of normative cultural codes and the sense of fulfillment and authenticity of existence. I discuss numerous ideas, motives and imageries essential in Dostoevsky in order then to problematize them from the perspective of Bataille’s philosophy. The article builds on the axis of categories such as eroticism – evil – intensity (authenticity) and extracts from the works of Dostoevsky and Bataille the idea of an eerie satisfaction awaken in man by acts of violence and cruelty; loss of self, ruination in love, confrontation with deadly risk, self-depreciation, and spiritual laceration preferred over a life in harmony. The study is situated at the crossroads of literary studies and philosophy, nevertheless it is the philosophical proximity of these two figures that interests me the most. Therefore I am less interested in purely Russian, historical, ideological and literary contexts that stand behind Dostoevsky’s literary creations than the existential and psychological aspect of his oeuvre which Lev Shestov characterized as a “philosophy of the underground” – philosophy of tragedy and hopelessness in the face of human paradoxical nature. In the final instance, my investigation is expected to present Bataille as a figure essentially lacking, or rather never sufficiently admitted, within Bataille’s philosophical thought.

4

Kwestia kultury w nowoczesności, czyli co widać z Olimpu, a czego nie widać (uwagi do Lecha Witkowskiego)

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Kruszelnicki M. , Kruszelnicki W.

ER(R)GO: Teoria – Literatura – Kultura

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2013

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nr 1(26) autorytet/hierarchia/wpływ (pod gościnną redakcją Lecha Witkowskiego)

187-204

EN

The Issue of Culture in Modernity: On What May, and What May Not Be Seen from the Olympus (A Dispute with Lech Witkowski) Our essay is a polemic with Lech Witkowski’s philosophy of culture; with his thinking about the essence of the era known as “modernity,” and with the role he assigns to the education and the individually designed spiritual development, conceived of as a search for encounters with cultural authority. By analyzing a number of key themes touched upon in the work of the author of the “Saga of Authorities” and by watching how his central concepts and assumptions operate, we make a series of critical statements of which the common denominator is our suspicion that Lech Witkowski’s theory of culture is too elitist in nature. Moreover, we criticize his paradoxically conservative reaction to the progress of modernity which not only removes the traditional divisions between higher and lower culture, but which above all imposes a necessity to “get one’s hands dirty” through the confrontation with the system of education (including teachers at all levels of education), which imposes the necessity to face the ambivalence (in the sense of understanding the irreversibility of the simultaneous ending of the old and opening of the new ways of being in culture) of the new world and a new type of man characterized by mass syndrome.