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2 World News of Natural Sciences

2 2025

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Relationship Between Spectral Traits and Crop Vigour Scores to Grain Yield of Diverse Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Genotypes

100%

Adnan A. A. , Shittu E. A.

2025

tom 58

150-162

A field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Bayero University Kano, during the 2023 dry season to determine the relationship between the leaf chlorophyll content and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to grain yield among different cowpea genotypes. The treatments consisted of four diverse cowpea genotypes (IT90K-277-2, IT99K-573-1-1, UAM09-1046-6-2, and UAM09-1051-1) arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Soil-Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) were measured at different developmental stages to derive their relationships with grain yield. Data collected was subjected to a general analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed a significant difference among the four cowpea genotypes for the measured traits. A positive and significant correlation was also observed among crop vigor score and grain yield at the different growth stages. The NDVI values measured during the different growth stages correlated significantly with the yield of all the genotypes, while SPAD had an inverse correlation with grain yield. It was concluded that the results could be used for the selection of genotypes based on SPAD and NDVI. Importantly, this study was limited to dry season evaluation where spectral parameters are at the minimum in the area under study.

Impact of combined application of urea and farm yard manure on the growth, yield and nitrate content of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) in the Nigerian northern Guinea savanna

70%

Ahmadu I. S. , Ibrahim U. , Dahiru M. J. , Shittu E. A. , Goma L.

tom 59

180-192

The type of fertilizer is considered for influencing spinach yield and level of nitrate concentration for normal crop consumption. This experiment investigates plant growth, yield, and nitrate content in spinach with different fertilizer types and levels. In a two-location field experiment involving three rates of farmyard organic manure (6, 8, and 10 t ha-1 of FYM) and three levels of N.P.K. fertilizers (100:30:30, 150:30:30, and 200:30:30), three combinations of the two kinds of fertilizers (3 t ha-1 FYM + 90 kg N ha-1, 4 t ha-1 FYM + 70 kg N ha-1, and 5 t ha-1 FYM + 50 kg N ha-1), including a control (without any fertilizer), were laid out in a randomized complete block design and replicated thrice. The result showed that spinach treated with urea fertilizer was superior to those treated with farmyard manure and the control but comparable to those treated with the combined application of the urea and farmyard manure. The relatively higher yield of 39,587.92 and 40,222.0 kg ha-1 and 36,895.21; 36,354.5 kg ha-1 were obtained from urea application and combined application of urea and farmyard manure at Samaru and Shika, respectively. The study monitored the amount of nitrate in spinach leaves at various intervals following sowing. The findings indicated a correlation between elevated nutrient concentration and nitrate accumulation in urea-fertilized plots. Plants treated with urea in Samaru and Shika had the greatest nitrate buildup (1627 and 1675 mg kg⁻¹). Although the nitrate content dropped with increasing levels of farmyard manure combined with urea fertilizer (1101 and 1206 mg kg-1), all amounts fell below the European Safety Union limits.