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1
Content available remote E-Learning As A New Tool In Medicine Teaching On The Example Of An Introductory Statistics Course
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Kononowicz A. A. , Roterman-Konieczna I.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2006
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tom Vol. 2, no. 3
61--65
EN
In this paper we present a short e-learning course concerning basic statistical concepts which represent quite an unattractive branch of knowledge for the medicinal students. Applets presented in this paper have been worked out in a manner linking the physician’s intuition with methods found in statistical tools. This effect has been gained by showing entities from a sample (the language of statistics) in a form of individualized images of particular patients (the language of medicine). The demonstrated e-learning model allows the translation of the physician’s experience in contact with many patients into a generalized analysis of a set with a great amount of elements. The sophisticated mathematical mechanism is hidden from the student, however the results have an significant influence in the analysis and interpretation of the data. The learning module presented in this paper has been judged by students.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono krótki kurs e-learningowy dotyczący podstawowych pojęć statystycznych, które reprezentują dyscyplinę mało atrakcyjną dla studentów medycyny. Przedstawione w pracy aplety opracowane zostały w sposób łączący intuicję lekarza z metodami implementowanymi w narzędziach statystycznych. Uzyskano to dzięki prezentacji elementów zbioru( język statystyki) w postaci zindywidualizowanych obrazów poszczególnych pacjentów (język medycyny). Zaprezentowany model e-learningu pozwala przełożyć doświadczenie lekarza kontaktów z wieloma pacjentami na uogólnioną analizę zbioru o dużej liczbie elementów. Skomplikowany aparat matematyczny jest dla studenta niewidoczny aczkolwiek wyniki uzyskane mają istotne znaczenie dla analizy i interpretacji wyników. Przedstawiony w pracy moduł dydaktyczny poddany został ocenie studentów.
2
Content available remote Educational decision diagrams in biomedical and life sciences - experience gained from introducing into anthropology classes
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Stachoń A. J. , Kononowicz A. A.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2011
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tom Vol. 7, no. 1
17--22
EN
Abstract Graphic organizers are visual knowledge representations believed to be helpful in understanding relationships between concepts and processes. The goal of this study was to verify whether replacing a linear textbook chapter with an interactive graphic organizer improved students’ reaction, knowledge retention and transfer in an anthropology class. The applied graphic organizer, an educational decision diagram in recognizing human developmental age based on dentition, was created using the Bit Pathways tool. Students were randomly divided into two groups, one using an interactive, web-based graphic organizer, the other using traditional textbook chapter. After a week students were tested on retaining knowledge and practical skills. No statistically significant differences in learning effect could be observed between the experimental and control group. Nevertheless, the results of students satisfaction survey show that students actually enjoyed the class, appreciated innovation in their learning activities and subjectively assessed the pathway as more interesting and effective than the textbook chapter.
3
Content available remote BIT Pathways – a tool for teaching and learning clinical pathways
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Kononowicz A. A. , Holler T.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2008
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tom Vol. 4, no. 8
33--39
EN
The primary objective of clinical pathways is to improve the quality of healthcare and to reduce variations and costs, however they also have the potential to be used as an efficient learning resource. Their introduction can help medical professionals to keep their knowledge up-to-date and to better learn their roles and responsibilities in a hospital. >>mipp> is a clinical pathway project undertaken at the Aarau Canton Hospital in Switzerland. Existing >>mipp> tools have been extended to support better dissemination of clinical pathways in the hospital and to serve also as an educational tool. Newly implemented authoring and visualization tool – BIT Pathways – has made it possible to develop pathways easily. The tool may be used outside the Aarau Canton Hospital for educational purposes. A group of 47 multidisciplinary postgraduate students has preliminarily tested the software with encouraging results.
4
Content available remote Chemical pathways - visualisation of classical analytical procedures in chemistry by the use of flow charts
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Kononowicz A. A. , Roterman I.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2009
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tom Vol. 5, no. 9
121--126
EN
Aim of this paper is to present a set of flow charts (called chemical pathways) implemented to facilitate learning of chemical workflows involved in identification of ions (cations) present in solutions. A service containing 34 pathways has been created and published on-line. For authoring of flow charts the BIT Pathway editor, developed by one of the authors, has been used.
5
Content available remote Learner-generated versus author-provided computer-based flow diagrams in medical education
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Kononowicz A. A. , Kenig J.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2013
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tom Vol. 9, no. 1
37--44
EN
Graphic organizers are popular tools which support meaningful learning. The aim of this study was to compare the learning outcomes of two educational scenarios involving the use of learner-generated or author-provided flow diagrams. Thirty-six third to fifth year medical students worked in pairs in the ‘Bit Pathways’ computer-aided learning environment. The group using author-provided graphic organizers performed significantly better on a knowledge retention test 1 month after the learning activity, requiring less preparatory time than the group generating their own graphic organizers (Cohen’s d effect size=0.84, p=0.03). Students liked both learning activities; however, the preference for learning-by-viewing was clear. Students’ quality of flow diagrams were correlated positively with the outcomes of the knowledge post-test (Spearman’s R=0.75, p=0.03). The generally poor quality of learner-generated diagrams indicated that better guided instructional designs for the learning-by-doing scenario are needed. This paper outlines further development directions of both tested scenarios.
6
Content available remote DSS-MEDA a web-based framework for video annotation in medical e-learning
100%
Mrozowski P. , Kononowicz A. A.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2006
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tom Vol. 2, no. 4
51--56
EN
In this paper a video annotation system is presented, called DSS-MEDA, used for describing medical videos. The aim of this framework is to provide physicians with a tool for annotating video recordings of medical procedures destined for e-learning. The system manages media files, which are streamed by the Darwin Streaming Server. DSS-MEDA enables controlled access to video resources depending on roles assigned to users. The annotations can be of two kinds: single lined subtitles or complex, hierarchical descriptions in HTML format. The long-term goal of this study is to create a large multimedia database of medical videos.
PL
Praca prezentuje system DSS-MEDA stużący do udostępniania przez Internet materiałów wideo z zabiegów medycznych oraz tworzenia ich opisu na potrzeby e-nauczania. Przechowywane w bazie danych filmy strumieniowane są. za pomocą. serwera Darwin Streaming Server. Dostęp do zasobów udzielany jest na podstawie systemu ról użytkowników. Opis materiałów wideo może być dwojakiego rodzaju: jedno-wierszowe podpisy oraz hierarchiczny opis w formacie HTML. Przedstawiony system jest częścią większego projektu mającego na celu stworzenia dużej medycznej bazy danych przechowującej edukacyjne materiały wideo.
7
Content available remote Evaluation of three educational use cases for using Virtual Patients in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs): a Delphi study
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Stathakarou N. , Zary N. , Kononowicz A. A.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2015
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tom Vol. 11, no. 2
113--119
EN
Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) extended with Virtual Patients (VPs) may foster specific medical skills. In particular, three educational use cases have been proposed to enable interactivity and foster clinical reasoning skills training: collective evaluation of decision making in the context of uncertainty, collective repurposing of cases with division of discussion into subgroups, and computational models in short cases for flexible selection and adaptive learning with VPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the educational strengths and weaknesses of the proposed use cases. Methods: We went through a two-round modified Delphi process. A panel of experts was formed and asked with open-ended questions to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each use case. The obtained responses were categorized thematically; four specific aspects of the use cases were isolated. In the second phase, the panel was asked to read the collected, categorized responses and prioritize the use cases focusing on each of the four identified aspects. Results: Six experts participated in the process. According to their opinion, decision making in uncertain context was the most feasible in implementation and in fostering clinical reasoning skills training; cultural repurposing was judged to leverage the MOOC potential the most; and computational models in short cases were considered the most interesting use case for the learners. Conclusions: The use cases were validated and prioritized; the Delphi approach brought insights into the use cases’ potential benefits, threats, and challenges.
8
Content available remote TeleDICOM enviroment as a modern telemedical tool for education of medical students
80%
Lasoń W. , Kononowicz A. A. , Obtułowicz P. , Kułaga T.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2008
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tom Vol. 4, no. 8
63--68
EN
The article presents the concept of scenario of telemedicine classes for medical faculty students at the Jagiellonian University Medical College. The aim was to present practical exercises using modern tools to conduct remote medical consultations. The idea involves exercises simulate a real medical consulting by using remote collaboration system TeleDICOM. Students working in groups of 2-3 people are preparing a case by case, searching elementary information and then present to the specialist – con- sultant using telemedical tools. At the same time the remaining group of students listen to and watches the consultation, which is displayed through a multimedia projector. Classes are held in three physically separate locations and are interactive. Proposed scenario largely reflects real medical teleconsultation giving an impression of a real medical consultation session. The high rating of class issued by the students con firmed the desirability and effectiveness of the proposed classes scenario.
PL
W artykule zaprezentowano koncepcję scenariusza zajęć z zakresu telemedycyny dla studentów kierunku lekarskiego UJ Collegium Medicum. Celem ćwiczeń było przedstawienie praktycznego wykorzystania współczesnych narzędzi informatycznych do przeprowadzania zdalnych konsultacji medycznych. Pomysł ćwiczeń zakłada zasymulowanie rzeczywistej konsultacji zdalnej przy wykorzystaniu systemu TeleDICOM. Studenci pracując w grupach 2-3 osobowych przygotowują określony przypadek, wyszukują podstawowe informacje, a następnie prezentują specjaliście – konsultantowi wykorzystując narzędzie teleinformatyczne. Równocześnie pozostała część grupy przysłuchuje się i obserwuje konsultację , która wyświetlana jest poprzez rzutnik multimedialny. Zajęcia odbywają się w trzech, fizycznie odrębnych lokalizacjach i mają charakter interaktywny. Proponowany scenariusz w dużym stopniu odzwierciedla rzeczywistą telekonsultację medyczną. Wysoka ocena ćwiczeń wystawiona przez studentów potwierdza celowość i skuteczność zaproponowanego scenariusza.
9
Content available remote To start from scratch or to repurpose: that is the question
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Kononowicz A. A. , Stachoń A. J. , Guratowska M. , Krawczyk P.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2010
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tom Vol. 6, no. 11
57--63
EN
The high cost of authoring e-learning resources is a well-known problem when introducing and using virtual patients in medical schools. A method investigated by the European eViP project for reducing these expenses involves “repurposing” existing cases from a common database in order to fit them into new learning environments and scenarios. The goal of this study was to collect opinions on repurposing as a method of authoring educational cases. A questionnaire was sent to subject matter experts and learning technologists working on the eViP project at Jagiellonian University Medical College. The staff members had experience both in repurposing cases and creating virtual patients from scratch. A five-point scale for recording their preferences in the adaptation of virtual patients was introduced. By using open-ended questions the respondents had an opportunity to freely give their personal opinions on the pros and cons of adapted cases. For the majority of staff members polled the repurposing of existing cases was a great chance to start introducing virtual patients at a university with no previous experience in using this method of teaching. However, limitations of repurposing were also detected which consequently caused some of our specialists to prefer the creation of new cases rather than repurposing.
10
Content available remote Learning-by-e-teaching: experience from involving students in preparation of e-learning materials
70%
Kononowicz A. A. , Stachoń A. J. , Romanowska-Pawliczek A. , Obtułowicz P. , Pyrczak W.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2008
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tom Vol. 4, no. 7
63--70
EN
Creation of e-learning materials is considered as a time consuming and costly process. Involving students in preparation of educational content may be beneficial in many ways. Firstly, it motivates students to self-study following a similar pattern as it is the case in learning-by-teaching sessions. Secondly, some of the students' projects may be reused in development of more advanced e-learning resources. The aim of this paper is to summarize three-year experiences gained in two elective courses on e-learning technologies offered to students of medicine and applied computer science. The spectrum of topics taken up by students is outlined. Possibilities of applying the outcomes of these courses in practice are discussed.
11
Content available remote Implementation of the MedBiquitous standard into the learning system casus
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Hege I. , Kononowicz A. A. , Pfähler M. , Adler M. , Fischer M. R.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2009
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tom Vol. 5, no. 9
51--55
EN
E-Learning applications such as electronic virtual patients (VPs) are an indispensable component of modern medical curricula. The eViP project is a 3-year programme co-funded by the European Union to create a bank of repurposed and enriched multicultural virtual patient cases from across Europe. One of the deliverables of this project is to implement the Med-Biquitous Virtual Patient (MVP) standard within the four included VP systems in order to support the exchange process. The linear learning system Casus® is part of eViP and has implemented an export and import functionality for MVP conformant VPs. The challenges we faced during implementation were the inclusion of assessment items - a crucial part of Casus cases - and the import of branched VPs without loss of information. The experiences and results of exchanging VPs based on the MVP specification will provide valuable information for future projects in this area.
12
Content available remote Creating and validating e-cases as educational tools in general practitioners’ continuing medical education context
51%
Hadadgar A. , Changiz T. , Kononowicz A. A. , Safaeian L. , Mirshahzadeh N. , Najimi A. , Ahmadi F. , Mostafavizadeh K. , Zary N. , Masiello I.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2018
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tom Vol. 14, no. 1
art. no. 20170027
EN
Objective: This study aimed at creating electronic cases (e-cases) and analyzing their validity as a diagnostic assessment tool within the context of continuing medical education (CME) to measure general practitioners’ (GPs) knowledge of common infectious disease. Methods: We designed assessment e-cases in an electronic CME platform. The e-cases were designed to measure GPs’ knowledge about diagnosis and treatment of common infectious disease in outpatient settings. The data collected were analyzed for five forms of evidence: content, response process, internal structure, relations with other variables and consequences. Results: A total of 46 GPs participated in the study. Among them, 87% perceived the e-cases as resembling the patients whom they visit in their everyday practice. Although attendance in this activity made 85% of the participants more cautious about prescription of antibiotics, we could not detect any statistically significant association between the assessment scores and the physicians’ previous antibiotic prescription. The diagnostic assessment with e-cases was supported by most of the elements of validity evidence, including content, response process, internal structure and consequences. Conclusions: Overall, evidence suggests that using e-cases might be a valid diagnostic assessment CME activity to measure GPs’ knowledge of common infectious disease, but more research is necessary.
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Content available remote HEARTFAID's eCRF: Lessons learnt from using a two-level data acquisition and storage system for knowledge discovery tasks within an electronic platform for managing heart failure patients
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Kononowicz A. A. , Styczkiewicz K. , Bacior B. , Bošnjak M. , Horvat R. , Prcela M. , Gamberger D. , Sciacqua A. , Valentini M. C. , Kawecka-Jaszcz K. , Parati G. , Conforti D.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2009
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tom Vol. 5, no. 10
59--69
EN
Case report forms are important sources of medical knowledge in all clinical studies. Electronic versions of these forms have several advantages compared to traditional paper-based questionnaires, and they have been adopted in many contemporary research projects in medicine. This paper presents a framework for creating case report forms designed with a two-level approach. Data at the generic information model level is stored in EAV (entity-attribute-value) tables and extended by tables facilitating specification of the questionnaire layout. The second layer (knowledge model) specifies the domain specific concepts describing the field of application of the questionnaire. This framework has been applied and tested in the frame of an EU FP6 research project - HEARTFAID - the objective of which was to build a knowledge-based platform supporting the management of elderly patients suffering from heart failure. Data collected by the electronic case report form (eCRF) was used in the project's knowledge discovery and decision support tasks. The work presents a new way for effective extraction of the data necessary for the integration with the knowledge discovery process in a distributed, service oriented framework of the HEARTFAID platform. It is demonstrated that it is feasible to implement these tasks using the two-level EAV table design.
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