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2 Advances in Cognitive Psychology

2 2010

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Configurational asymmetry in vernier offset detection

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Karim A. , Kojima H.

tom 6

66-78

Two psychophysical experiments were conducted at the horizontal and vertical orientations respectively, demonstrating substantial main effect of configuration, but no effect of offset direction on vernier acuity. In Experiment 1, a pair of horizontal bars were arranged side by side with a large gap between them. The observers were, on average, significantly better at discriminating a vertical offset if the right-hand bar was below the left-hand bar than vice versa, regardless of which bar they experienced as displaced and which as constant. A similar asymmetry was evident in Experiment 2 where observers judged horizontal offset for a pair of vertically oriented bars, where one was placed above the other. In this case average performance was better if the upper bar was on the right of the lower bar rather than on its left. There were large individual variations in the asymmetrical trend, but the effect could not be explained by subjective response bias. Furthermore, vernier acuity improved significantly and the asymmetry decreased more or less as a function of training. The average asymmetrical trend was consistent across training days and across two orientations, which indicates that the processing of line vernier stimuli is possibly configuration-specific in the cardinal orientation.

Thewhatandwhyof perceptual asymmetries in the visual domain

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Karim A. , Kojima H.

tom 6

103-115

Perceptual asymmetry is one of the most important characteristics of our visual functioning. We carefully reviewed the scientific literature in order to examine such asymmetries, separating them into two major categories: within-visual field asymmetries and between-visual field asymmetries. We explain these asymmetries in terms of perceptual aspects or tasks, thewhatof the asymmetries; and in terms of underlying mechanisms, thewhyof the asymmetries. The within-visual field asymmetries are fundamental to orientation, motion direction, and spatial frequency processing. The between-visual field asymmetries have been reported for a wide range of perceptual phenomena. The foveal dominance over the periphery, in particular, has been prominent for visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and colour discrimination. This also holds true for object or face recognition and reading performance. The upper-lower visual field asymmetries in favour of the lower have been demonstrated for temporal and contrast sensitivities, visual acuity, spatial resolution, orientation, hue and motion processing. In contrast, the upper field advantages have been seen in visual search, apparent size, and object recognition tasks. The left-right visual field asymmetries include the left field dominance in spatial (e.g., orientation) processing and the right field dominance in non-spatial (e.g., temporal) processing. The left field is also better at low spatial frequency or global and coordinate spatial processing, whereas the right field is better at high spatial frequency or local and categorical spatial processing. All these asymmetries have inborn neural/physiological origins, theprimary why, but can be also susceptible to visual experience, thecritical why(promotes or blocks the asymmetries by altering neural functions).