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Regional patterns of social differentiation in Visegrád countries

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Fialová K. , Želinský T.

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tom 55

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nr 6

735-789

EN

This paper focuses on a neglected—horizontal—dimension of social stratification. It examines the patterns of social differentiation in the Visegrád countries (the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) and attempts to assess changes in the social structure at the subnational level. Social structure changes are explained within the context of broader socio-economic development. The main analyses performed in this study are based on EUSILC micro-data covering 2006–2016 and offer a comprehensive perspective on the patterns of social-stratification development at the regional level utilising three dimensions: social class (proxied by the European Social-Economic Classification), highest attained education level, and income. The results indicate different trajectories in social differentiation across the four countries, although some of the patterns identified are similar. The results indicate that the working class is shrinking and the salariat is growing, and that there are declining shares of people with at most primary or secondary education and increasing numbers with tertiary education. Income inequalities remained relatively stable over the observed period across the Czech and Slovak regions, but fluctuated in Hungarian regions, and the initially greater income inequalities in Polish regions have tended to decline over time. The findings suggest that the least favourable patterns in the development of regional social differentiation are found in the Hungarian regions.

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FAKTORY MÍRY DEPRIVACE V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE A JEJICH VZTAHY K TYPU DOMÁCNOSTÍ

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Řezanková H. , Želinský T.

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nr 4

394 – 410

EN

The article focuses on the economic situation of households in the Czech Republic. It discusses the factors of the material deprivation rate and related indicators. These factors are household equipment, other indicators of financial possibilities and inability to pay regular payments on time. This article is based on the Living Conditions Survey in 2011. The data are compared with data in 2008 – 2010. Furthermore, the data are compared in the different groups of households. Model of logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship among material deprivation and selected categorical indicators. The best situation in the Czech Republic is in households with high levels of education. Households with unemployed members suffer most from material deprivation. In comparison with previous years the proportion of households that could not afford an annual one-week holiday away from home or unexpected expenses slightly increased.

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OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY, EDUCATIONAL MOBILITY AND INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF DISADVANTAGES IN EUROPE

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Želinský T. , Mysíková M. , Večerník J.

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tom 64

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nr 3

197 – 217

EN

Empirical literature offers a number of studies suggesting that living conditions in childhood can significantly influence achievements and living conditions in adulthood. The aim of this paper is to answer the question: To what extent is the intergenerational transmission of poverty associated with social mobility (in terms of educational and occupational intergenerational mobility) in the European Union (and Iceland, Switzerland and Norway)? Our analyses are based on EU-SILC 2011, ‘Intergenerational transmission of disadvantages’ module microdata. Interpretations of the findings are based on the ordered logit models estimated at European and country levels. The results suggest that both educational and occupational mobility are in a statistically significant positive relationship with the intergenerational transmission of poverty (justified by a change in the perceived financial stress of the household).

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VLIV NÍZKÉ PRACOVNÍ INTENSITY NA CHUDOBU V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE A SLOVENSKÉ REPUBLICE

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Myslíková M. , Večerník J. , Želinský T.

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nr 6

555 – 575

EN

While poverty has long been a phenomenon closely related to the life cycle of family, in recent decades is increasingly dependent on the economic participation of household members. In addition, this change in post-communist countries is associated with the economic and social transformation, which has led to an increasing income inequality. The study of relationships between work intensity and poverty is only at its beginning in transition countries. Using statistical surveys EU-SILC we analyse the specific effect of work intensity on two indicators of poverty – “at-risk-of-poverty rate“, and the “making ends meet” in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic between 2005 and 2013. The analysis is set in the Central European context, which shows a relatively good situation in both countries. The work intensity of households is an important factor of the risk of income poverty and financial difficulties of households. In spite of a certain weakening, it keeps a high importance.