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Bio-waste in reverse logistics - various size cities on the example of south-eastern Poland

100%

Koc-Jurczyk J. , Jurczyk Ł. , Podolak A.

tom Vol. 17, no. 1

91--104

The circular economy (CE) aims to keep the maximum value of products and materials in a closed loop for longer periods, thus decoupling the use of natural resources from economic growth. Reverse logistics in the management of municipal biowaste falls within the scope of CE activities. This study compares the mass of bio-waste collected separately to the mass forecast at various administrative levels in Poland: country, voivodeship, cities with over 50 thousand inhabitants, and cities under 50 thousand inhabitants. Discrepancies were found between the collected mass of bio-waste and its predicted mass, which may be due to several reasons. Firstly, rural residents often use bio-waste for their own household needs. Additionally, in rural areas, due to the dispersion of buildings, the cost of obtaining the same amount of bio-waste is much higher compared to more urbanized areas. Processing bio-waste into organic fertilizer is a process that meets the assumptions of a circular economy and creates an environmentally friendly product. Unfortunately, in the case of Poland, there is no data on collected bio-waste earlier than 2019. There is also no information on the mass of biologically managed bio-waste at all administrative levels. Therefore, reporting on the management of municipal bio-waste at all administrative levels should be improved. The work also discusses the issue of collection and management of bio-waste, taking into account logistics processes.

Effectiveness of Lumbricidae Extracting with an Environmentally Friendly Method

88%

Mazur-Pączka A. , Pączka G. , Kostecka J. , Podolak A. , Garczyńska M.

tom Vol. 21, nr 5

114--119

Lumbricidae, as representatives of edaphone, are used in ecological research. Over the years, various attempts to improve the ways of earthworm extraction have been made. One of the pro-environmental methods for extracting these animals from the soil is the method involving the application of electric current (octet). The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of the earthworm extraction using the mixed method (manual segregation along with the use of 0.5% formalin solution) with the method applying the electroshocking. The species composition of earthworms extracted using both methods was the same (seven species of earthworms belonging to three ecomorphological groups were found). A lower number and biomass of earthworms were found in the permanent grassland and arable land with the help of octet than using the mixed method. Further research is needed to improve the existing methods for Lumbricidae extraction and to implement new ones that would be safe for the edaphon representatives.

Community Structure of Lumbricidae in Permanent Grassland and Arable Land

75%

Mazur-Pączka A. , Pączka G. , Kostecka J. , Garczyńska M. , Podolak A. , Szura R.

tom Vol. 20, nr 5

1--6

Lumbricidae play a key role in the soil environment as “the ecosystem engineers”. They participate in all the categories of services provided by ecosystems. In agricultural areas, the conventional intensive farming practices have led to a significant decline in the biological diversity of soils including earthworms. In this study, we attempted to characterize the community structure of earthworms in permanent grassland and arable land of the Didactic & Experimental Station of Rzeszów University in Krasne near Rzeszów. Similar densities of earthworms were observed in the grassland and in the arable land (101.01 ± 18.03 ind. ∙ m-2 and 82.12 ± 18.26 ind. ∙ m-2, respectively) (p > 0.05) as well as a similar biomass of Lumbricidae (77.72 ± 15.30 g ∙ m-2 and 54.34 ± 11.72 g ∙ m-2) (p > 0.05). In the research, 7 species of earthworms were found in the permanent grassland and 6 representatives of Lumbricidae were identified in the arable land. The identified earthworms represented all three main morpho-ecological groups. The density and biomass of epi-endogeic earthworm L. rubellus and the anecic species of L. terrestris were shown to be higher (p < 0.05) in the grassland as compared to the arable land. In order to protect Lumbricidae and to sustain the beneficial role of earthworms in an ecosystem, it is necessary to monitor the negative changes in populations of earthworm species attributed to various farming practices.