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Content available remote Zdravý rozum u Berkeleyho a Austina podle Marka Tomečka
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In this review study I investigate an interpretation of Berkeley’s concept of common sense which has been recently advanced by Marek Tomeček. In his view, Berkeley understands common sense as a collection of beliefs held by the common man. Common sense, however, has to remain implicit, and is thus an ineffable standard by which philosophical systems can be assessed. The missing argument for the implicitness of common sense is found by Tomeček in Austin. I make a case for the view that the interpretation presented would be more convincing if its author informed us why we should reject the interpretation of Petr Glombíček, according to which Berkeley understood common sense in traditional terms as rationality. Moreover, the argument for the implicitness of common sense, which Tomeček finds in Austin, is not convincing, as I attempt to show, because it is not clear why a speech act that is unsuccessful from the illocutionary point of view may not yet express a meaningful proposition.
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Content available remote Čeští fyzikalisté o fenomenálním vědomí
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This study evaluates the concept of phenomenal consciousness in Tomáš Marvan and Michal Polák’s monograph Consciousness and its Theories (Vědomí a jeho teorie, Plzeň-Praha, Vyšehrad and Tiskárna Bílý slon 2015) and in Tomáš Hříbek’s book What’s It Like, or What’s It About? The Place of Consciousness in the Material World (Jaké to je, nebo o čem to je? Místo vědomí v materiálním světě, Praha, Filosofia 2017). The author focuses on the question of how the conceptions presented in these monographs address Chalmers’ hard problem of consciousness. He shows that while Marvan and Polák propose dividing this difficult problem into two easier sub-problems, Hříbek considers it to be a pseudo-problem whose genesis lies in a mistaken understanding of consciousness. The text critically analyzes Marvan and Polák’s defense of the identity theory and Hříbek’s argumentations directed against the existence of qualia. Contrarily, it praises Marvan and Polák’s formulation of a hypothesis of unconscious phenomenality and, in Hříbek’s monograph, the reflection of Dennett’s approach to consciousness in the light of Kripke’s puzzle about belief.
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Tato recenzní studie hodnotí pojetí fenomenálního vědomí v monografii Tomáše Marvana a Michala Poláka Vědomí a jeho teorie (Plzeň-Praha, Vyšehrad a Tiskárna Bílý slon 2015) a v knize Tomáše Hříbka Jaké to je, nebo o čem to je? Místo vědomí v materiálním světě (Praha, Filosofia 2017). Autor se zaměřuje na otázku, jak se koncepce představené v těchto monografiích vztahují k Chalmersovu těžkému problému vědomí. Ukazuje, že zatímco Marvan a Polák navrhují rozdělení těžkého problému na dva snadnější podproblémy, Hříbek ho považuje za pseudoproblém, za jehož vznikem stojí chybné chápání vědomí. Text kriticky analyzuje obhajobu teorie identity u Marvana a Poláka a Hříbkovu argumentaci zaměřenou proti existenci kválií. Naopak vyzdvihuje formulaci hypotézy nevědomé fenomenality u Marvana a Poláka a reflexi dennettovského přístupu k vědomí ve světle Kripkovy hádanky o přesvědčení, kterou čtenáři naleznou v Hříbkově monografii.
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Content available remote Russellův neutrální monismus a problém vědomí
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“Neutral monism”, a view of the relation between the mental and the physical held among others by Bertrand Russell, was by many of its proponents seen as a more plausible alternative to both idealism and dualism. According to a common objection, however, neutral monism implies that all reality is ultimately of a mental – rather than neutral – nature, and so the position really amounts to a form of panpsychism, idealism or phenomenalism. I argue that – at least when it comes to an influential formulation of neutral monism expressed in Russell’s 1927 book The Analysis of Matter – we have reasons to resist this mentalist suspicion since it presupposes a concept of consciousness which Russell would presumably reject.
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