The article looks at the differences in the level of development of the EU regions and discusses the evolution and current principles of the EU cohesion policy. It concludes with setting out the present debate on the models of the future financial framework of the EU policy, which will substantially influence the new architecture of the cohesion policy.
The article offers a pragmatic analysis of the Polish exports, with focus on empirical aspects of its competiveness. First, statistical data indicating the position of Polish goods and services in international trade are presented, which also puts into perspective the size of the Polish economy. Next, the comparative advantages of Polish exports, broken down into groups and categories of products, are examined. In the final section the author identifies some factors, such as foreign direct investment, innovativeness and business environment, which can further increase the competitiveness of Polish exports.
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The article discusses legal framework, structural aspects and proposals for future development of the Trans - European Transport Networks (TEN - T), i.e. a planned set of road, rail, air and water transport networks in Europe that is of fundamental importance to the free movement of citizens and goods. The author describes current involvement of Poland in the TEN - T, presents obstacles and introduces challenges related to our participation in the evolution of the European single transport area in the forthcoming decades.
This article is devoted to the question of retaining people that reached retirement age on labour market, what is essential for European economies in the light of ongoing demographic changes. This paper begins with an analysis of regulations on retirement age in EU member states. Then, the author examines why the rate of the older population aged 50–64 that are working in Poland is one of the lowest among OECD countries. In the last section the author focuses on various measures directed at enabling senior citizens to continue working, including government programs.
The authors of the opinion comprehensively discuss the agreement concluded by the European Union, European Atomic Energy Community and the United Kingdom on the terms of trade and cooperation after Brexit and the agreement concluded between the European Union and the United Kingdom concerning security procedures for exchanging and protecting classified information. They present the provisions of individual parts of the agreements, regulating the issues of trade, fisheries, coordination of social systems, customs, visas, law enforcement cooperation and cybersecurity. They assess the impact of the implementation of the agreements. The authors positively assess the wide range of regulations. In their opinion they will reduce the negative effects of Brexit. However they identify some of their shortcomings that need to be removed.
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