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2 Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)

2 2010

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WHO WILL WIN THE COMPETITION? PERSONALITY, STRATEGY AND SUCCESS IN A COMPETITIVE GAME

100%

Czibor A. , Bereczkei T.

tom 65

nr 1

165-182

From the evolutional perspective, goods gained in the competition can increase the individual’s prospect for surviving and mating, resulting in a higher genetic representation in the next generations. Our aim was to investigate how personality characteristics influence the benefits earned from and strategies applied to a competitive game that was played for real money. In the experimental settings university students played the Public Goods game, transformed to a competitive situation. We used Temperament and Character Inventory by Cloninger, and the Mach IV. Test in order to obtain information about the subjects’ personality and character profiles and their level of Machiavellianism. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment participants reported the main motives underlying their decisions during the game which enabled us to classify them as “individually-oriented” and “prosocially-oriented” players. Significant difference was found between the female and male participants in the amount of benefit they gained: the women’s contribution to the public goods was significantly higher, therefore they earned less money, than men did. The amount of benefit negatively correlated with Reward Dependence and Persistence. Finally, significant differences were revealed between individually-oriented and prosocially-oriented players in the strategy they played, and the amount of benefit they gained.

PERSONALITY TRAITS IN THE MATE CHOICE: HOMOGAMY AND/OR SEXUAL IMPRINTING

80%

Gyuris P. , Bereczkei T. , Járai R.

tom 65

nr 1

117-132

We have made an attempt at demonstrating the effect of sexual imprinting mechanism on human mate choice. In our former studies, we had focused on facial similarities between couples, now we wondered if homogamy is represented in personality characters, as well. Two hundred ninety six participants (49 couples and their parents) filled in the Caprara’s BIG FIVE Questionnaire. The couples were also asked to complete the s-EMBU retrospective attachment test (including Emotional warmth, Rejection, Overprotection scales). Significant resemblances were found between the males’ wife and mother in Social Desirability and Conscientiousness traits of the BFQ. Our results on the effects of maternal rearing behavior style on their son’s mating revealed controversial patterns. Scores on Rejection scale of s-EMBU were associated with Emotional Lability, and Emotional Warmth with Agreeableness trait, which supports our expectation. However, another analysis of maternal rearing has shown that those men who developed an unfavorable attachment with their mother during childhood would be attracted to women who are similar to her in Emotional Lability and Social Desirability traits, which seems to contradict our hypothesis. As for women’s mate choice, only one tendency has been revealed for supporting the sexual imprinting hypothesis: those women who had experienced high Emotional Warmth from their father during childhood chose men who resembled their father in Conscientiousness factor of the BFQ.