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2 Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

2 Martynov A.

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ІСТОРІЯ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ: МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПІДХОДИ ТА ІСТОРІОГРАФІЯ ПРОБЛЕМИ

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Martynov A.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

2017

nr 26

Modern theoreticians of Global History differ in opinion as to the definition of Globalization and up till now there is no single definition, which would satisfy most scientists. Some of them believe this phenomenon to be irreal because it is impossible to clearly separate it from other social processes and phenomena or because it do not has clearly defined place in the geographical space. In most cases Globalization are understood as: We are living today in an age of rapid globalization. Its pace has accelerated in the past several decades, particularly since the end of the Cold War. The main thrust for globalization involved a high degree of Westernization, it by no means resulted in homogenization but everywhere produced diverse responses to the West rooted in indigenous cultures. In fact, we have witnessed homogeneity resulting from processes of globalization and at the some time increasing heterogeneity. Globalization thus is extremely complex and variegated, on the one hand indeed leading to high degrees of homogeneity in economic organization, technological and scientific developments and even lifestyles following Western patterns, on the other hand to marked divergences from Western outlooks and practices and even to pronounced resistance to Western influences. In this article we intend to examine the transformation of historical thinking and writing within this larger global context. Globalization is realized in the form of bilateral, multilateral and collective relation. Global System is usually understood as hierarchically structurized integral complex of actors of international relation, which are interconnected by constant relations. Until the early 21th century the investigation of Global History was performed within a whole number of social science: philosophy, history, sociology, legal and economic sciences. The theory of globalization is a science, which tries to logically and reasonably interpret the most essential phenomena and processes as well as interrelation between them using its own methods. Conflict and cooperation are the most important manifestation of the state of international relations and logically proceed from structural peculiarities of current global system.

ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ДИПЛОМАТІЇ У РАДІ БЕЗПЕКИ ООН (2016–2017 рр.)

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Martynov A.

nr 27

The paper deals with the activity of the Ukrainian diplomacy at the UN Security Council from 2016 to 2017, when Ukraine was a non-permanent member of the Security Council. The author analyzes problems of functional activity of the UN Security Council in the conditions of crisis of the international security system and Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. The main stages of confrontation on the issue of the UN peacekeeping operation in the Donbas and solution of the problems of restoring the territorial integrity of Ukraine are analyzes. The Security Council is charged with maintaining peace and security among countries. While other organs of the UN can only make recom- mendations to member states, the Security Council has the power to make binding decisions that member states have agreed to carry out, under the terms of Charter Article 25. The decisions of the Council are known as the United Nations Security Council resolutions. The Security Council is made up of fifteen member states, consisting of five permanent members — China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States — and ten non-permanent members elected for two-year terms by the General Assembly. The five permanent members hold veto power over the UN Resolutions. The presidency of the Security Council rotates alphabetically each month. The UN, after approved by the Security Council sends peacekeepers to regions where armed conflict has recently ceased or paused to enforce the terms to peace agreements and to discourage combatants from resuming hostilities. Since the UN does not maintain its own military, peacekeeping forces are voluntary provided by member states.