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2 Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

2 2016

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Quantitative determination of lethal concentration Lc50 of atrazine on biochemical parameters; total protein and serum albumin of freshwater fish grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

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Khan A. , Shah S. , Muhammad N. , Khan M. S. , Ahmad M. S. , Farooq M. , Adnan M. , Jawad S. M. , Ullah H. , Yousafzai A. M.

2016

tom 25

nr 4

The indiscriminate use of herbicides has led to the contamination of water bodies, possibly affecting the health of aquatic biota, especially fish. Atrazine is considered as toxicants for aquatic fauna, due to its high persistence in soil, high half-life and high mobility toward aquatic bodies as well as high solubility in water. The objective of the present study was to determine (LC50) and to evaluate the acute and chronic toxicity of atrazine on the biochemical parameters; total protein and serum albumin of freshwater grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Above 15 μlL⁻¹, the LC50 was recorded revealing sensitivity of grass carp to atrazine. Grass carp was exposed to atrazine for 01 (15 μlL⁻¹), 02 (13 μlL⁻¹), 03 (10 μlL⁻¹), and 04 (08 μlL⁻¹) days/concentration for scrutinizing acute toxicity. Likewise, fish were exposed to atrazine for 10 (06 μlL⁻¹), 15 (04 μlL⁻¹), and 25 (02 μlL⁻¹) days/concentration for scrutinizing chronic toxicity. Control group concentration was 8.3 gL⁻¹ and 3.5 gL⁻¹. Total protein concentration observed for acute toxicity was 7.5 gL⁻¹, 6.5 gL⁻¹, 4.6 gL⁻¹, and 3.2 g/L and serum albumin concentration was 2.7 gL⁻¹, 1.6 gL⁻¹, 1.4 gL⁻¹, and 1.1 gL⁻¹ respectively. Similarly total protein concentration observed for chronic toxicity was 8.2 gL⁻¹, 6.8 gL⁻¹, and 4.3 gL⁻¹ and serum albumin concentration was 2.1 gL⁻¹, 1.7 gL⁻¹, and 1.4 gL⁻¹ respectively. Markedly decline (denoted by P<0.05, P≤0.01 and P≤0.001) was noticed in both the parameters concentration during acute as well as chronic toxicity, when compared with control group concentration, indicating negatively impinge of atrazine on grass carp as well as atrazine present in aquatic bodies must jeopardize the health of other aquatic fauna.

Enzymatic profile aactivity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after exposure to the pollutant named atrazine (herbicide)

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Khan A. , Yousafzai A. M. , Shah N. , Muhammad , Ahmad M. S. , Farooq M. , Aziz F. , Adnan M. , Rizwan M. , Jawad S. M.

2016

tom 25

nr 5

The present study contemplates the enzymatic profile of grass carp, including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine phosphokinases (CPK), serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (Alk Phosp) under atrazine’s acute toxicity effects (LC50) for 01 (15 μl/L), 02 (13 μl/L), 03 (10 μl/L), and 04 (08 μl/L) days/concentration, respectively. For analyzing the enzymatic profile we followed the biochemical analyzer set protocol (Merck micro lab 300 biochemistry analyzer) in the laboratory. Control group concentrations for LDH, CPK, SGPT, and Alk Phosp were 342 IU/ml, 7513.3 IU/ml, 46 mmol/l, and 126.6 IU/ml, respectively. After treatment LDH concentrations were 906, 851, 765, and 545 IU/ml, respectively. CPK concentrations were 1,737, 2,445, 3,718, and 5,767 IU/ml, respectively. SGPT concentrations were 27, 24.3, 13.67, and 8.67, respectively, and Alk Phosp concentrations were 50.3, 30, 22.3, and 17.6 IU/ml, respectively. Maximum inclined (P≤0.001) in concentration of LDH was observed after 24 hrs exposure because of hepatic tissue damage, resulting in increased membrane permeability causing enhanced leaching out of LDH and as LDH participates in an anaerobic pathway, so increase LDH mean increases of anaerobic metabolism resulting from depletion of energy under environmental stress conditions by atrazine, while other enzymatic components like CPK, SGPT, and Alk Phosp showed kindred attributes in their result, like all parameter concentrations showed perpetual decline (P≤0.001) in their concentrations indicating reduced enzymatic activity due to a reduction in permeability for these enzymes, forcing the enzymes to accumulate in the cells as well as decrease in enzyme synthesis due to intoxication of atrazine.