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1 Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

1 2003

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Immunomodulatory effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors

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Danesh F. R. , Anel R. L. , Zeng L. , Lomasney L. , Sahai A. , Kanwar Y. S.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

2003

tom 51

nr 3

139-148

3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors or statins are competitive inhibitors of the rate limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis. Several clinical trials have shown a marked reduction in cholesterol levels associated with decreased cardiovascular mortality in patients treated with statins. However, more recent observations have suggested that the clinical benefits of statins may be, at least in part, independent of the effect of statins on cholesterol synthesis. These so-called pleiotropic or cholesterol-independent effects of statins could be the result of reduction in the formation of intermediaries in the mevalonate pathway as statins by inhibiting L-mevalonic acid synthesis also prevent the production of isoprenoids in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. Isoprenoids serve as important lipid attachments for the posttranslational modification of a variety of proteins such as small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily implicated in intracellular signaling. The list of different pleitropic effects of statins is still growing and include among others direct effects of statins on modulating endothelial function, decreasing oxidative stress, and more recently anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions of statins. For instance, statins decrease T cell activation, the recruitment of inflammatory cells into atherosclerotic lesions, and inhibit IFN-gamma expression of MHCII on antigen-presenting cells. This review article summarizes the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of statins and thus provides a new rationale to use statins as a new class of immunosuppressive agents.