Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Przygotowanie i przebieg operacji Iraqi Freedom

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Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2008

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tom nr 4(73)

188-201

EN

The article presents the process of preparation and the course of war operations conducted within the Operation Iraqi Freedom. This operation is undoubtedly a breakthrough moment in the development of modern art of war, which has been experiencing a kind of renaissance in the last decade. This process was initiated in the United States at the end of the 70s and beginning of the 80s when the supreme military and civil authorities started generating mechanisms and procedures in order to ensure the effective achievement of political goals with the use of military means. Basing on the works of outstanding military theoreticians and pragmatists (Clausewitz, Jomini, Douhet, Liddell Hart) and taking advantage of Vietnam war experiences, research was launched in order to work out one common concept , that would ensure the USA political leadership the capability to carry out interests of the state with the help of military means. The conducted analyses and evaluations from the mentioned above period show that the first attempts of practical implementation of the concept being built did not bring anticipated results, which was confirmed by failures during actions undertaken to free American hostages in Iran (April 1979) and during the intervention in Grenada (1983). It was not until the successful operation in Panama (1989), when Americans were convinced about a breakthrough in working out the conception ensuring effective conducting of strategic aims of the state on the strategic and military levels. The Operation Desert Storm (1990/91) was a model example of “operating troops freely on the whole area of operation” and became a kind of a test for new solutions. They proved fully effective and were implemented in USA operations to liberate Kuwait. During the Balkan war (1999), the political leadership’s guidelines and directives led to too early and unnecessary resignation from the use of NATO land forces. Also the first strikes on terrorist bases in Afghanistan (August 1998) were conducted exclusively by long range assets which air and naval forces were equipped with. Conclusions generated in the mentioned above operations influenced the strategy of G. Bush’s political leadership who maintained reserved to ineffective and not bringing expected results form of commanding from “a safe distance”. More-over, a common opinion (especially in American conservative circles) that the resignation of the land forces’ use in Iraq would cause that on the international arena there would be a conviction that the United States are afraid of operations resulting in huge human losses which would not be accepted by American citizens (so called Vietnam syndrome). That situation diametrically changed after terrorist attacks in New York and Washington (9/11/2001) when most American population felt greatly threatened. The presented in a general outline factors in the context of art of the war development became the basis of planning, preparing and conducting the Operation Iraqi Freedom 2003.

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Operacje reagowania kryzysowego NATO

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Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2007

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tom nr 3(68)

40-53

EN

In the 21st century crisis response operations are becoming more and more important for the armed forces of many countries. At present, activities connected with prevention and crisis solution are the most important input of the international community aimed at securing e peace and security in the world. This article presents a process of NATO adjusting to the new politico-military situation and the challenges stemming from the above mentioned factors. Currently, asymmetric threats from international terrorist groups on the one hand and the globalization process of conflicts and regional crises on the other directly influence the security of the transatlantic area. Considering this situation is the adjustment of permanent military capabilities to the new challenge is of special importance.

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Założenia kształcenia taktycznego i operacyjno-strategicznego w Siłach Zbrojnych RFN

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Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2007

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tom nr 2(67)

198-213

EN

The character of contemporary operations and challenges of the 21st century indicates that nowadays the commander apart from executing the ‘classic’ military tasks has to frequently operate in non-military sphere. Contacts with civilian population, coordination of actions with non-governmental organizations, confrontation with alien cultures and dealing with difficult international situation cause the appearance of the brand new requirements in the context of training and educating officers in the future. This article is devoted to the assumptions of the operational-tactic educational process of the officers of the Armed Forces of the Federal Republic of Germany. The presented content shows substantial changes in the forms and methods of education, which constitute a conscious process of adjusting to the new conditions of contemporary operations. The analysis and evaluation of the past period indicate that striving for an increased operational effectiveness is a constant process. First of all, it results from requirements defined by the character of contemporary crises and military conflicts. Secondly, the newly commenced operations generate multiple, already defined, needs but they may as well produce totally different needs. As a result, the purpose of gaining a full capability of waging real actions in the future determines the confines of operational thinking, which in the context of contemporary challenges has gained a new meaning and value.

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Wpływ uwarunkowań globalnych na współczesne i przyszłe postrzeganie bezpieczeństwa morskiego

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Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

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2009

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tom Cz. 1 i 2

9--28

PL

Analiza zmian zachodzących w środowisku bezpieczeństwa wskazuje, iż cechuje się ono dużą dynamiką, niestabilnością i kompleksowością. Wśród analityków panuje zgodna opinia, że współcześnie najważniejszymi zagrożeniami i wyzwaniami są międzynarodowy terroryzm i proliferacja Broni Masowego Rażenia (BMR), nie wolno jednak zapominać o innych, a mianowicie zmianach o charakterze demograficznym, klimatycznym, gospodarczym, czy też tych związanych ze wzrostem zapotrzebowania na surowce energetyczne. Wszystkie powyższe wyzwania i zagrożenia odnoszą się również do obszarów morskich. W prezentowanym artykule autor podejmuje się oceny w jakim stopniu w najbliższych dekadach powyższe wyzwania i zagrożenia kształtować będą środowisko bezpieczeństwa w odniesieniu do akwenów morskich.

EN

The analysis of developments in the security environment indicates that it has a large dynamic, instability and is very complex. Among analysts there is a consistent opinion that many major threats and challenges are connected with international terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) but it cannot be forgotten that there are others, namely demographic, climatic, economic changes, or those connected with the increase in demand for energy. All these challenges and threats refer also to the maritime areas. Presented article tries to assess far in the coming decades these challenges and risks connected with the security environment in relation to maritime.

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Kierunki transformacji wojsk lądowych Sił Zbrojnych RFN

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Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2006

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tom nr 2(63)

116-129

PL

Istotną metodą kreowania procesu transformacji wojsk lądowych Bundeswehry jest tzw. Concept Development and Experimentation (CD&E). Ich zadaniem pozwala on na znaczne przyśpieszenie wprowadzanych zmian w odniesieniu do struktur organizacyjnych, procedur planistycznych praz nowych technologii, umożliwiając tym samym szybsze dostosowanie zdolności wojsk lądowych do nowych wymagań. Na podkreślenie zasługuje fakt, iż w procesie tym zostają uwzględnione zarówno dotychczasowe doświadczenia z działań, jak również obecne i przyszłe możliwości w zakresie wykorzystania najnowszych osiągnięć i rozwiązań technologicznych. Obecnie w ramach programu CD&E główny wysiłek wojsk lądowych skupiony jest na projektach badawczych, które dotyczą: systemu rozpoznania ; manewrowości powietrznej wojsk lądowych ; koncepcji "Joint Fires" ; interoperacyjności w zakresie wsparcia dowodzenia. W ramach tych prac wojska lądowe uczestniczą, z jednej strony, w realizacji narodowych i wielonarodowych projektów badawczych. Z drugiej zaś, prowadzą samodzielne badania we współpracy z pozostałymi rodzajami sił zbrojnych czy też poszczególnymi pionami organizacyjnymi Bundeswehry. Reasumując rozważania dotyczące transformacji Bundeswehry, należy stwierdzić, że złożoność zadań realizowanych w dzisiejszych operacjach wymaga ciągłego procesu dostosowania sił zbrojnych, a w tym wojsk lądowych, do nowych uwarunkowań. Dzięki takiemu podejściu w trakcie procesu planowania, a następnie podczas prowadzenia działań będzie można uzyskać możliwie najwyższą efektywność zaangażowanych w operacji sił. Zebrane na przestrzeni lat doświadczenia z działań na rzecz wsparcia pokoju i praktyczne zastosowanie wynikających z nich wniosków w odniesieniu do struktur organizacyjnych, systemu szkolenia oraz uzbrojenia i wyposażenia wojsk, pozwalają Niemcom na stworzenie w przyszłości bardzo dobrego mechanizmu, który zapewni im skuteczną realizację zadań zarówno w wymiarze narodowym, sojuszniczym jak i wielonarodowym.

EN

A crucial method to create the transformation process of Bundeswehre’s land forces is the Concept Development and Experimentation (CD&E). In their opinion, it allows a significant fostering of introduced changes relating to organizational structures, planning procedures and new technologies, thus enabling a faster adaptation of land forces’ capabilities to new requirements. It is worth stressing that both the present experiences from operations and also current and future capabilities in using the state-of-the-art technologies and developments are taken into consideration in this process. Now, within the CD&E process, the main land forces effort is focused on research projects relating to: reconnaissance system; land forces' air manoeuvrability; Joint Fires Concept; interoperability in command support. Within the mentioned above projects, land forces participate in conducting both national and multinational research projects. On the other hand, they carry out independent research in cooperation with the other armed forces branches or other Bundeswehre’s organizational structures. Summing up the considerations concerning Bundeswehre's transformations, it must be slated that the task complexity of contemporary operations tasks a constant adaptation of armed forces, land forces including, to new conditions. Due to such an approach during the process of planning and later during conducting operations, the highest possible effectiveness of forces engaged in operations will be possible to achieve. Collecting many- year experiences to support peace and applying in practice resulting conclusions in reference to organizational structures, system of training and equipping troops allow the Germans to create in future a very good mechanism which will ensure them an effective task accomplishment in national, allied and multinational dimensions.

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Operacje reagowania kryzysowego w europejskiej polityce bezpieczeństwa i obrony

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Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2007

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tom nr 4(69)

111-125

EN

The article presents the genesis and process of the European Union's (political and military) capabilities’ development in the context of transformations that have taken place over the years. The European Union, willing to become an important international society entity in the crisis management area, had to implement several deep changes. They referred not only to changes in the strategy of operations’ aspect but most of all in the area of operational capabilities’ development which will allow the European Union to take effective political, economic and military moves.

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Koncepcje transformacji wojsk lądowych wybranych państw europejskich

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Joniak J. , Panek B.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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2007

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tom nr 1(66)

210-229

EN

The transformation programs of European land-based forces have many similarities. The differences result from varying military strategy approaches and assumptions as well as practical, economic and historical experiences. In order to conduct military operations it is most important to have suitably trained and equipped units. There’s a tendency towards creating “middle ’’forces by combining the capabilities of both “heavy” forces (force protection capability) and “light” forces (mobile and logistic capability). Future land forces should be balanced, have the ability to effectively execute tasks across the full spectrum of operations both now and in the future. Once transformation has taken place there will be a significantly improved capability particularly enhancing the ability to conduct command and multinational operations.

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Lizosomalna karboksypeptydaza A

38%

Gacko M. , Worowska A. , Wozniak A. , Jedynak M. , Panek B. , Lapinski R.

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2005

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tom 51

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nr 2

162-170