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Content available LAST DECADE IN POLISH FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD AFRICA
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EN
Polish relations with Africa are important but rather overlooked topic. Article deals with political and economic relations with this continent. The Author delves into the topic, analyzing, among other, statements of politicians, exposes of foreign ministers or official visits. In the economic aspect, Author put emphasis on the activity of private Polish companies on the local markets. Author compares Poland's exports on national scale to African countries from 2008 to 2016, also considering what specific products are exported.
PL
W polskim systemie prawnym funkcjonują trzy ustawy o organizacjach pozarządowych, na ich podstawie działają także organizacje proobronne. Organizacje te, pomimo ich szczególnej roli, nie zostały do tej pory objęte osobnymi regulacjami prawnymi. W niniejszej pracy Autor pokrótce definiuje organizacje proobronne, następnie opisuje istniejące akty prawne, które regulują działalność tych organizacji oraz dokonuje analizy politologicznej i prawnej, celem przedstawienia koniecznych w tym zakresie rozwiązań.
EN
The Polish legal system contains three NGO acts. They are legal basic also for pro-defence organizations. However, despite their specific role, the pro-defence NGO’s, so far have never been covered by separate regulations. In this paper Author briefly defines pro-defence organizations, and then describes the existing legal acts, which regulate the activities of these organizations and analyze the political science and law aspects of existing and further regulations.
EN
Poland interests and her policy are strongly determined by her geopolitical conditions. More than 40 years of people democracy under USSR domination brings in whole region civilization and economic backwardness. After 1989 Poland attempts to “catch up” the Old Europe. Initiative of Three Seas is one of such attempt. Increasing relations with central and southern Europe especially in case of diversification of raw materials – like gas – can bring to region an independence from Russian supplies. Three Seas goes back to conception of Intermarium, and redefine her on amended conditions of modern world. In this article the Authors will present short history of conception Intermarium, main assumptions of polish foreign policy and will try to answer the question is this conception is still present in polish foreign policy, even if in changed form of Three Seas.
5
Content available remote Reforma węgierskiego systemu wyborczego a umocnienie pozycji Fidesz
63%
EN
This article is about most important changes in Hungarian electoral system, which were made by reform came into force on 1 January 2012. The main reasons for these changes were willingness to: adapt the electoral rules into modern times, simplify the system and give members of the minorities some electoral facilitations. On the other hand the reform was used in political way by ruling coalition Fidesz-KDNP to strengthen itself. The charges of alleged gerrymandering negatively affect on perception of Hungarian democracy by international organizations.
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