Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Global supply chains' disruptions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the dynamic world container shipping market recovery

100%

Grzelakowski A. S.

Gospodarka Materiałowa i Logistyka

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2022

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tom nr 12

10--20

EN

The world crisis caused by the pandemic exerted significant impact on the global supply chain operations. They were subjected to numerous unprecedented disturbances which then significantly intensified as a result of the unexpected, dynamic recovery of the global container transport market. The aim of the article is to attempt a multifaceted initial assessment of the scale and widespread results of the destabilization of markets and global logistics supply chains, as well as to determine its impact on the global economy, along with an indication of the possible short- and medium-term consequences of this state for selected entities operating in global supply chains. The main hypotheses which were verified during the study were as followed: (1) the COVID-19 crisis impacted the global commodity and shipping markets with unprecedented and unknown so far force, (2) the global container shipping sector experienced historical boom during the period from October 2020 to March 2022 and was in fact a real financial beneficiary of the last crisis. The methods of economic and statistical analysis and among them the factors analysis (FA) have been used as the main analytical tool to carry out the set research goals and to verify the hypotheses. The results of this study indicate the need for greater control of the global container shipping alliances by antitrust authorities as well as for deeper structural reconstruction of the existed global logistics supply chains.

PL

Światowy kryzys spowodowany pandemią wywarł znaczny wpływ na globalne łańcuchy dostaw. Zostały one poddane licznym, niespotykanym dotychczas zakłóceniom, które następnie nieoczekiwanie nasiliły się w wyniku niespodziewanego, dynamicznego ożywienia globalnego rynku przewozów kontenerowych. Celem artykułu jest podjęcie próby dokonania wstępnej, wieloaspektowej oceny skali i skutków nieznanej dotychczas w historii rozwoju handlu i żeglugi światowej destabilizacji rynków oraz globalnych logistycznych łańcuchów dostaw. Sformułowano dwie hipotezy badawcze, które następnie poddano weryfikacji: (1) kryzys COVID-19 wpłynął na światowe rynki towarowe i żeglugowe z nieznaną i niespotykaną dotychczas siłą, oraz (2) globalny sektor żeglugi kontenerowej doświadczył w trakcie jego trwania w okresie październik 2020–marzec 2022 historycznego boomu i był realnie beneficjentem finansowym ostatniego kryzysu. Metody analizy ekonomiczno- statystycznej, a wśród nich analiza czynnikowa (FA), zostały wykorzystane jako główne narzędzie analityczne do realizacji założonych celów badawczych i weryfikacji postawionych hipotez. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na potrzebę większej kontroli globalnych kontenerowych aliansów żeglugowych przez organy antymonopolowe, a także głębszej, strukturalnej przebudowy istniejących globalnych logistycznych łańcuchów dostaw.

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Społeczne koszty krańcowe jako instrument internalizacji kosztów zewnętrznych i realizacji celów zrównoważonej mobilności

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Grzelakowski A. S.

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2017

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nr 479

44-54

PL

Przedmiotem opracowania jest ocena możliwości realizacji strategii zrównoważonego rozwoju transportu, opartej na koncepcji pełnej internalizacji kosztów zewnętrznych, jakie generuje ten sektor gospodarki. Koncepcja ta zasadza się z kolei na wykorzystaniu kategorii społecznych kosztów krańcowych jako instrumentu ustalania cen za usługi transportowe. Celem badań jest określenie zarówno granic zastosowania tej kategorii kosztów jako podstawy budowy cen w transporcie, jak i ustalenie kryteriów wyboru formuły kosztowej do ustalania cen w poszczególnych gałęziach transportu, a także ocena skutków, jakie z tego tytułu pojawić się mogą w makro- i w mikroskali. W opracowaniu wykorzystano głównie metody badań jakościowych, wsparte elementami analizy ekonomicznej. Uzyskane wyniki badań wskazują, że: 1) społeczne koszty krańcowe są najlepszym instrumentem internalizacji kosztów zewnętrznych w transporcie; 2) wykorzystanie tej kategorii kosztowej wymaga jednak etapowania tego procesu oraz pokonania barier politycznych i psychologicznych w sferze decyzyjno-regulacyjnej.

3

The concept of internalisation of the external costs of transport in the EU’ and its impact on the efficiency of transport systems and the performance of logistics supply chains

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Grzelakowski A. S.

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nr vol. 64, nr 3

161-174

EN

The subject of the study focuses on the implementation of the concept of internalization of external transport costs in the EU based on the SMCP formula. The research objective is to assess the expected effects this may cause with regard to sustainable mobility standards as well as transport and logistics supply chains operations. These effects are defined in the form of improving their efficiency and effectiveness. Qualitative research methods are principally used. The research results indicate that it will enhance the standards of driving sustainable mobility as well as transport and logistics macro-systems towards rationalization in terms of optimizing transport and inventory costs.

PL

Przedmiotem badań jest implementacja koncepcji internalizacji kosztów zewnętrznych transportu UE w formule PSKK. Celem badań jest dokonanie analizy i oceny oczekiwanych efektów jej wdrożenia postrzeganych w aspekcie budowy zrównoważonej mobilności oraz sprawności i efektywności realizacji procesów transportowych i logistycznych w łańcuchu dostaw. Oprócz analizy zastosowano głównie jakościowe metody badań. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że w efekcie bezpośrednia internalizacja spowoduje zmiany w układzie modal shift, wprowadzając wyższy standard zrównoważenia systemów transportu, racjonalizując je, a także makrosystemy logistyczne krajów UE w kategoriach optymalizacji kosztów transportu i magazynowania.

4

Inland Water Transport as a Factor Influencing Mega-Ports and Seaport Cities Development (from the European North Sea Perspective)

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Grzelakowski A. S.

Logistics and Transport

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2010

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tom 11

71-80

EN

Inland water transport has played a significant role in the development of port cities and seaports all over the world for ages. As a dominant mode of inland transport until the rail and road have begun to prevail in the European transport systems, it has at first created and then shaped seaport hinterland in the majority of the European ports. However, its impact on these organisms, i.e. seaports and port cities has changed in many European countries in recent decades, due to the fact that it was getting weaker (logistics time constraints) and less competitive on the transport market. Consequently, in many European countries it has lost its impact on seaports hinterland and has been replaced by other less environmentally friendly modes of transport. This tendency is, however, not observed in the North Sea mega-ports as well as in many world biggest ports in Asia and North America, where inland shipping still maintains significant share in the port total turnover modal split. The reasons for such situation are analyzed in this article.

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Assessment of the current state of the EU inland shipping development and its perspectives from the policy and transport market point of view

100%

Grzelakowski A. S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2019

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tom nr 58 (130)

74--83

EN

The main subject of this research was to identify recent basic trends in the development of inland waterway transport in the EU as well as to evaluate this from both EU transport policy objectives and logistics markets’ requirements. For this purpose, classical statistical and economic analysis methods as well as the documentation research method were used. The basic threats and barriers to the development of inland waterway transport are indicated, as well as various actions necessary to limit or eliminate them. An attempt was also made to assess the opportunities and prospects for the development of this transport mode in the next decade in the context of the development of the broader EU transport market. The main objective of this research was to perform a market assessment of the development prospects of this mode of transport in the era of dynamic developing logistic customer service standards, as well as progressive globalization and the 4th industrial revolution (digitalization). In this respect, political versus market-oriented scenarios of the development of EU inland shipping were analyzed and evaluated. The conclusions relate to the ongoing and upcoming modal shift on the EU transport market as well as regulatory measures undertaken by the EU.

6

Container Shipping Operators As Integrators of Global Logistics Supply Chains

100%

Grzelakowski A. S.

Logistics and Transport

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2014

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tom 21

41-50

EN

The subject of this study refers to the analysis of business activity of shipping operators on the global market of maritime container transport constituting a link in the logistics supply chains and networks. The author attempts to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of their operations in the global supply networks indicating their functions and role in the integration process of those chains. The analysis also covered widely perceived economic results arising from their activity, as links connecting global logistics network relations. Moreover, the said results were also analyzed by evaluating them in the view of the impact of the activity of maritime container operators on global commodity markets.

7

Internalization of External Costs in the EU Transport Sector as an Instrument of Rationalization of the Logistics Supply Chains

100%

Grzelakowski A. S.

Logistics and Transport

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2011

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tom 13

57-68

EN

Aiming at meeting the general EU transport policy objective, the EC has started promoting very actively the sustainable development of the member states transport systems. Putting into effect common framework and methodology for estimating the external costs of transport activities and specifying how external costs can be internalized in all modes of transport, the EC intends to minimize their negative impact on all spheres of human activity. This strategy needs to apply social marginal cost pricing (SMCP) for the use of transport infrastructure. It could, however, induce significant changes on the EU transport markets and subsequently affect the supply networks and logistics supply chains leading to their rationalization in terms of optimizing transport and inventory costs.

8

Queueing theory as an instrument of optimization operational and economic sphere of port terminals - case study

63%

Grzelakowski A. S. , Karaś A.

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2022

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tom Vol. 18, no. 3

345--355

EN

Background: The maritime port terminals, handling cargo and servicing maritime and land means of transport with variable intensity over time, operate as mass service systems where the process of notifying and fulfilling needs usually occur at random. The main research problem was to determine the interdependence between the mechanism of reporting and meeting the demand for terminal services and its effectiveness measured in terms of operational efficiency and profitability. Methods: The aim of research involves evaluating the terminal operational mechanism and evaluating it under operational categories, that is, operational stability and efficiency, and economic ones, i.e., effectiveness with respect to costs and revenue. To achieve the aim of research, the theory of mass service was applied, with the use of queuing theory as well as case study. The research was conducted in an example of bulk handling terminal, i.e. HES Gdynia Bulk Terminal. Results: In the article, the authors assumed that the bulk cargo handling terminal in Gdynia operates as a queueing model. Therefore, it was possible to analyse the operating mechanism of the selected port terminal as a logistics system and a link in the supply chain by characterising it in terms of technical and operational efficiency and economic and financial effectiveness. Conclusions: So far, such terminals have not the subject of this kind research, because researchers focused predominantly on seaports as composite multimodal transport nodes. The results of the conducted research confirm the previously formulated hypothesis, indicating that queueing theory can be used as an useful instrument to optimize the efficiency and effectiveness of bulk cargo terminals.

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Wpływ procesów globalizacyjnych i integracyjnych na rozwój transportu morskiego i portów morskich w Unii Europejskiej

63%

Przybyłowski A. , Grzelakowski A. S. , Akademia Morska w Gdyni W. N.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2007

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tom 209

EN

The ongoing globalisation and liberalisation of the international markets, including transport ones, enhance the competition and accelerate vertical and horizontal integration in the global scale. Those processes affecting directly the world industry and trade concern also maritime transport and seaports. Due to this, the seaports are getting gradually an integral part of the vertically integrating transport chains (intermodality), becoming important logistics centers and parts of maritime clusters. The common transport policy influences the EU maritime transport and seaports’ development, as well. The core of this policy is the idea of the sustainable development in order to ensure the appropriate balance in economic, social, technical, spatial and ecological terms on the European transport market. EU wants to focus on ‘from road to sea’ solutions by shifting the demand from road to maritime transport, for example. Moreover, the policy the Union promotes the development of the logistics in order to create better synergies between road, sea, rail and river and integrate various transport modes in logistics chains. The latest Green Paper on Future Maritime Policy is a step towards a holistic approach which could benefit to European ports. However, it is unlikely that there will be a harmonisation of port policy soon. It is not clear yet whether the EU wants to support bigger seaports or rather struggle for the development of regional and local ones (Polish ports, for example).