Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Planar Straight-Line Embedding of Double-Tree Scan Architecture on a Rectangular Grid

100%

Saha I. , Bhattacharya B. B. , Zhang S. , Seth S. C.

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tom Vol. 89, nr 2-3

331-344

EN

Double-tree-scan (DTS) is a new scan-path architecture that is deemed to be suitable for low-power testing of VLSI circuits. A full DTS resembles two complete k-level (k > 0) binary trees whose leaf nodes are merged pair-wise, and thus consists of exactly N_k = 3 × 2k - 2 nodes. In this paper, the problem of planar straight-line embedding of a "double-tree graph" on a rectangular grid is investigated and an O(Nk) time algorithm for drawing it, is described. The embedding requires at most 2Nk grid points, with an aspect ratio lying between 1 and 3/2 . Next, techniques of embedding a partial DTS is considered when the number of nodes n ≠ 3 × 2^k- 2, for some k. Layouts of double-tree scan-paths for some benchmark circuits are also presented to demonstrate the results.

2

Unsupervised and Supervised Learning Approaches Together for Microarray Analysis

100%

Saha I. , Maulik U. , Bandyopadhyay S. , Plewczynski D.

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2011

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tom Vol. 106, nr 1

45-73

EN

In this article, a novel concept is introduced by using both unsupervised and supervised learning. For unsupervised learning, the problem of fuzzy clustering in microarray data as a multiobjective optimization is used, which simultaneously optimizes two internal fuzzy cluster validity indices to yield a set of Pareto-optimal clustering solutions. In this regards, a new multiobjective differential evolution based fuzzy clustering technique has been proposed. Subsequently, for supervised learning, a fuzzy majority voting scheme along with support vector machine is used to integrate the clustering information from all the solutions in the resultant Pareto-optimal set. The performances of the proposed clustering techniques have been demonstrated on five publicly available benchmark microarray data sets. A detail comparison has been carried out with multiobjective genetic algorithm based fuzzy clustering, multiobjective differential evolution based fuzzy clustering, single objective versions of differential evolution and genetic algorithm based fuzzy clustering as well as well known fuzzy c-means algorithm. While using support vector machine, comparative studies of the use of four different kernel functions are also reported. Statistical significance test has been done to establish the statistical superiority of the proposed multiobjective clustering approach. Finally, biological significance test has been carried out using a web based gene annotation tool to show that the proposed integrated technique is able to produce biologically relevant clusters of coexpressed genes.

3

Concentration of Copper and Lead in Market Milk and Milk Products of Bangladesh

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Shahriar S. M. S. , Akther S. , Akter F. , Morshed S. , Alam M. K. , Saha I. , Halim M. A. , Hassan M. M.

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tom Vol. 8

56--63

EN

The aim of this work is to detect and estimate the level of selected heavy metals (copper and lead) in milk and milk products in Chittagong City Corporation Areas of Bangladesh. The most important milk and milk products that are likely to be an important contributor to heavy metal exposure was selected. Total 30 samples of milk and milk products were analyzed among these 20 raw milk samples was collected from 20 dairy farms around industrial area in Chittagong City and 10 milk product samples were collected from market in Chittagong City. Detection and estimation of the level of copper and lead were carried out by using “Analytikjena Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, model: ZEEnit700P, Germany”. It was found that, most of all milk samples contain copper and lead copper and lead. The content of copper in most of all raw milk and milk products were in the range from 0.02 mg/kg to 0.25 mg/kg. The highest level of copper was found 0.244 mg/kg in milk products. The concentration of lead in milk and milk products were in the range from 0.007 mg/kg to 0.02 mg/kg. The highest concentration of lead was found 0.019 mg/kg in raw milk. These values were compared with standard allowable limit and also with the corresponding values of different countries available in literature.

4

Motijheel Lake - victim of cultural eutrophication

51%

Biswas M. , Mandal D. , Sonar R. , Dey B. , Ghosh S. , Ghosh S. , Chattarjee J. , Bhattacharyya B. , Saha I. , Ahmed S. , Basu A.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2018

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tom 21

EN

Destruction of natural water bodies due to cultural eutrophication is a predominant problem in India. Motijheel Lake of Murshidabad district is an environmentally, economically and historically significant water body. However, Anthropogenic activities including unplanned settlements around this lake and its over exploitation have deteriorated its water quality to a great extent. Motijheel Lake acts as a sink for domestic sewage, human and animal excreta. Surface runoffs are discharged into the lake which further adds to the list of pollutants. High phosphate, nitrate and nitrite-Nitrogen and chlorophyll content of the lake categorizes it as hypereutrophic one. Also, the amount of phosphate, nitrite and iron present in Motijheel Lake exceed the permissible limit in drinking water, as prescribed by US Environmental Protection Agency and Bureau of Indian Standards. When the Below Poverty Line residents of the surrounding area consume such water, they become susceptible to various fatal diseases. The low level of Dissolved Oxygen in the lake water signifies huge amount of organic matter deposited in the lake and indicates the lake water to be poor in quality. The high load of coliform bacteria in the lake water further corroborates the deposition of domestic, human and animal wastes. If water with such high concentration of faecal coliform is consumed, it could lead to fatal gastrointestinal and enteric diseases.