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Chemically modified biomass from Triticum aestivum for eco-friendly detoxification of Cd(II)- and Sn(II)-contaminated waters

100%

Hamid Raza H. M. , Athar M. , Farooq U. , Salman M. , Mujahid A. , Hussain T.

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nr 6

EN

Eradication of toxic heavy metals from waters polluted due to urbanization and industrial effluents is a burning issue. There is a need to enhance research to find out new economical methods to overcome problems associated with current removal techniques. Use of novel modified biosorbents to increase metal removal efficiency through biosorption is the most suitable alternative. The present study is focused on removing cadmium and tin metal ions using acid-pretreated wheat straw (PWS) and urea-modified wheat straw (UMWS). The biosorption process is carried out in batch fashion to optimize the basic conditions of the process such as pH, amount of biosorbent, time of contact, agitation speed, and temperature. Langmuir isotherm, Freundlich isotherm, and Dubinin-Rudikish (D-R) model were applied to determine the maximum amount of metal ions adsorbed and the feasibility of the process. The maximum amount of cadmium and tin metal ions adsorbed using PWS is 33.55 (mg/g) and 47.84 (mg/g), whereas using UMWS is 74.62 (mg/g) and 64.10 (mg/g), respectively, as calculated by Langmuir model. Kinetic studies showed a better fit for pseudo 2nd-order, whereas intra-particle diffusion and Bangham’s models partially proved macro pore diffusion as a rate-determining step. Thermodynamic studies confirmed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic with negative values of Gibb’s free energy and positive values of enthalpy and entropy changes. It was found that modification enhanced the metal binding capacity up to more than 100%. As urea and wheat straw both are biodegradable, the process became eco-friendly.

2

Dengue outbreaks in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan in 2017: an integrated disease surveillance and response system (IDSRS)-based report

84%

Abdullah , Alf S. , Salman M. , Din M. , Khan K. , Ahmad M. , Khan F. H. , Arif M.

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nr 1

EN

The current study is a retrospective epidemic report regarding dengue fever (DF) virus infection cases (2017) from fifteen districts of KPK, Pakistan. Medical records of 120948 patients were reviewed retrospectively for demographic, clinical and laboratory data. The presence of dengue infection was confirmed by NS1-ELISA and RT-PCR, respectively. The total positive cases (of suspected DF samples) were 24938 (20.6%), whereas seventy cases (0.28%) had a fatal outcome. Mean age ±SD of the dengue patients was 26±19.8 years, while; the most affected age group was from 16 to 30 years (Chi-square: 12820.125, p:0.00). The infected males were 65.3%, and that of the female was 34.7%. All the dengue-infected patients were observed with symptoms of severe fever (100%), body aches (95%), gums and nose bleeding (5%), skin rashes (30%), vomiting (70%). The highest infection rate was found in district Peshawar and that of the lowest was in Bannu, Hungu and Luki Marwat. A high rate of dengue infection was found in post-monsoon months i.e. October (41%) and September (32%) of the year. The results proved that if the dengue outbreaks reveal further in KPK, it could alarmingly increase the mortality rate. Therefore, the Department of Public Health in KPK, Pakistan may take proper measures to avoid and control dengue epidemics in the future.

3

Stability-indicating RP-HPLC assay for simultaneous determination of chlorpheniramine maleate and prednisolone in veterinary injection

84%

Ali A. , Farooq U. , Ahmed M. , Athar M. M. , Salman M. , Arif S. , Nadeem K. , Naz H.

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tom Vol. 32, no. 2

122--127

EN

The present work described a simple, rapid, sensitive, accurate, and precise method for simultaneous determination of chlorpheniramine maleate (CHRM) and prednisolone acetate (PRED) in injection samples by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with UV–Vis detection. Chromatographic separation was accomplished, employing isocratic mode and a mobile phase comprised of acetonitrile and a phosphate buffer (50:50, v/v, 30 °C), adjusted to pH 3.0. The flow rate used was 1.0 mL/min on a Thermo Hypersil ODS C18 column (5 μm, 4.6 × 250 mm), and the injection volume of sample was 20 μL. Analysis of CHRM and PRED was performed at a wavelength of 254 nm. The runtime for analysis was 12.5 min, and the retention times of CHRM and PRED were found to be 2.81 and 5.07 min, respectively. The calibration graph showed linearity over the concentration range 10–70 μg/mL for CHRM and 20–140 μg/mL for PRED with a coefficient of determination (R2) ≥0.9986. Repeatability and reproducibility (expressed as % RSD) were lower than 1.72 and 1.47%, respectively. The proposed HPLC method was demonstrated to be simple and rapid for the determination of CHRM and PRED in injection formulation, providing recoveries between 101.6–102.3%, whereas complete separation of degradation products, from analyte under investigation, provided the specificity of the proposed HPLC method.

4

Microbiological safety and antibiogram analysis of selected food products obtained in the marketplace of Peshawar and Mardan, KPK, Pakistan

67%

Khan H. , Ullah S. , Salman M. , Hussain F. , Anwar Y. , Ullah I. , Khan I. A. , Hussain H. , Naeem I. , Khan A. , Khan H. , Jan F. , Shuaib M.

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tom 28

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nr 6