Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Obsada personalna formacji Pomorskiej Brygady Kawalerii po wiosennej mobilizacji alarmowej alarmowej oraz po mobilizacji w sierpniu 1939 r. – stan na dzień 23 marca i 1 września

100%

Smoliński A.

|

tom 21

149-207

EN

The previous output of the Polish historiography concerning the Polish-German warfare from September and October 1939 is enormous. It is due to the fact that the interest in that range of problems does not grow any weaker. This causes systematic generation of a vast and constantly growing amount of various, more or less valuable publications relating to the political and military causes of that conflict and the course of the Autumn 1939 Campaign, and also its military and social consequences. Still, not all of its aspects found sufficient and regular as well as adequate reflection in historical literature. This observation also relates to the issue of personnel crews of various military forces in the Polish Army which took part in the campaign. However, for a while now, it is the closely related matter of their mobilisation in the time frame between March and beginning of September 1939 that has been generating the interest of historians. The same situation is in case of mobilisation and crews of various military forces in the Polish Army, as well as the changes taking place in those matters in the period from March till end of August 1939, despite the fact that there already exists quite comprehensive literature which discusses those issues. This is why the author took aim at elaborating a possibly full personnel crew of the Pomeranian Chevalier Brigade as of 23rd March 1939 when the formations that were part of the brigade were alarmed, and at the changes that occurred in that matter till the outbreak of war, that is its crew as of 1st September 1939. Apart from conveying possibly a full list of command positions of that brigade’s contingents and officers, officer cadets, non-comissioned officers occupying those posts, the author made also an effort to determine accurate personal data and ranks and titles of those persons. As a result, there originated so far the fullest personnel crew of that huge chevalier unit of the Polish Army, on the day before the outbreak of Polish-German war in 1939.

2

Rozboje, rabunki i pogromy ludności żydowskiej dokonane przez „Konarmię” Budionnego na Ukrainie w kwietniu i maju oraz we wrześniu i październiku 1920 r.

100%

Smoliński A.

Studia Historyczne

|

2011

|

nr 3-4

3

Skład oraz przekrój społeczny oddziałów Frontu Pomorskiego wkraczających na Pomorze w styczniu i lutym 1920 r.

100%

Smoliński A.

|

nr 46

283-324

DE

Obwohl seit den unten beschriebenen Ereignissen viele Jahre vergangen sind und es heute eine recht reichhaltige Literatur zu diesem Problem gibt, fehlt es in der polnischen historischen Literatur bis heute an einer ausreichend vollständigen und das Phänomen erschöpfend behandelnden Abhandlung über die Beteiligung der polnischen Streitkräfte an der Operation, bei der im Januar und Februar 1920 die infolge des Versailler Vertrags von Deutschland an Polen abgetretenen Gebiete übernommen wurden. Ähnlich verhält es sich mit der Beschreibung ihres sozialen Querschnitts. Dagegen sieht es bei den Forschungen zum Verlauf der Wiedergewinnungsaktion vom Januar und Februar 1920 wesentlich besser aus. Dies ist so, obwohl diese Thematik von Zeit zu Zeit, hauptsächlich anlässlich von Jahrestagen, ein gewisses Interesse bei den Historikern zu erregen scheint. Nicht anders verhält es sich auch gegenwärtig, während der Feiern zum 100. Jubiläum der Wiedergewinnung der staatlichen Unabhängigkeit durch Polen. Deshalb hat der Autor auch beschlossen, die möglichst vollständige Zusammensetzung und soziale Struktur der Armeen der Pommerschen Front zu präsentieren, die im Januar und Februar 1920 an der Aktion teilnahmen, bei der die Pommerschen Gebiete übernommen wurden, die Polen durch den Vertrag von Versailles zugesprochen worden waren. Außerdem bespricht er auch ihre Herkunft sowie den Zustand und den tatsächlichen Kampfwert zum Zeitpunkt des Beginns der Wiedergewinnungsaktion. Dadurch wird der Umfang der militärischen Operation sichtbar, der aufzeigt, dass es sich dabei um die damals wichtigste militärische Aktion der wiedergeborenen Polnischen Republik handelte.

EN

Despite the fact that many years have passed since the events described below occurred and the literature on this problem is quite rich, Polish historiography still lacks the complete and comprehensive discussion concerning the issue of the participation of the Polish armed forces in the operations of taking over the territories assigned to Poland by Germany under the provisions of the Versailles Treaty, which took place in January and February 1920. A similar situation takes place with the description of their profile. On the other hand, the research on the process of the revendication actions of January and February 1920 looks much better. Yet, this subject, from time to time - mainly on the occasion of subsequent anniversaries, seems to arouse some interest of historians. It also happens now when the centenary celebrations of Poland regaining independence are taking place.Therefore, the author decided to show the possibly full composition and social profile of the Pomeranian Front troops, which in January and February 1920 took part in the takeover of Pomeranian lands granted to Poland under the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles. In addition, he also discussed their provenance and the impact they had on their condition and actual combat value at the time the revendication action began. As a result, the magnitude of this military operation is visible, which indicates that it was then the most important military action of the reborn Polish Republic.

PL

Pomimo upływu wielu lat od opisywanych poniżej wydarzeń oraz dość już dzisiaj bogatej literatury dotyczącej tego problemu, nadal brak jest w polskiej historiografii dostatecznie pełnego i wyczerpującego zagadnienie omówienia udziału polskich sił zbrojnych w mającej miejsce w styczniu i lutym 1920 r. operacji przejmowania ziem scedowanych Polsce przez Niemcy na mocy postanowień traktatu wersalskiego. Podobnie jest też z opisem ich przekroju społecznego. Znacznie lepiej przedstawiają się natomiast badania dotyczące przebiegu akcji rewindykacyjnej ze stycznia i lutego 1920 r. Dzieje się tak, choć tematyka ta – od czasu do czasu – głównie przy okazji kolejnych rocznic, zdaje się budzić pewne zainteresowanie historyków. Nie inaczej jest również obecnie, gdy trwają obchody stulecia odzyskania przez Polskę niepodległości państwowej.Stąd też autor postanowił pokazać możliwie pełny skład oraz przekrój społeczny wojsk Frontu Pomorskiego, które w styczniu i lutym 1920 r. wzięły udział w akcji przejmowania ziem pomorskich przyznanych Polsce na mocy traktatu w Wersalu. Poza tym omówił on też ich proweniencję, a także wpływ, jaki miała ona na ich stan oraz rzeczywistą wartość bojową w momencie rozpoczynania się akcji rewindykacyjnej. W efekcie tego widoczna jest skala tej wojskowej operacji, która wskazuje, że była to wówczas najważniejsza akcja militarna odrodzonej Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej.

4

Dzienniki oraz pamiętniki i wspomnienia jako źródła do badań nad życiem codziennym kawalerzystów i artylerzystów konnych polskich formacji wojskowych z lat 1914–1918 oraz Wojska Polskiego II Rzeczypospolitej

100%

Smoliński A.

|

nr 102

135-155

EN

The history of cavalry and horse artillery of Polish military units from the period of World War I and the Polish Army from 1918–1939 has long been a subject of interest for Polish scholars. It is evidenced by the growing number of publications concerning them. One of the sources by means of which their history is studied are relational sources, namely diaries, daybooks and memoirs. That is why the Author has decided to present only selected sources of this type, and point to those issues concerning the history of cavalry and horse artillery which can be studied on the basis of relational sources. Apart from that, he has also indicated problems which can be encountered by potential scholars who decide to use sources of this type.

PL

Historia kawalerii i artylerii konnej polskich formacji wojskowych z okresu I wojny światowej oraz Wojska Polskiego z lat 1918–1939 od dawna budzi zainteresowanie naukowe polskich badaczy. Świadczy o tym stale narastająca liczba dotyczących ich publikacji. Jednym z narzędzi, za pomocą których bada się ich dzieje są źródła relacyjne – dzienniki, wspomnienia i pamiętniki. Dlatego też autor postanowił przedstawić wybrane źródła tego typu oraz wskazać te zagadnienia z dziejów kawalerii i artylerii konnej, które mogą być badane na podstawie źródeł relacyjnych i te problemy, które mogą napotkać potencjalni badacze korzystający ze źródeł tego typu.

5

Udział sił zbrojnych Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w operacji przejmowania ziem dawnych Prus Królewskich i Prus Książęcych przyzna-nych jej na mocy traktatu w Wersalu (styczeń-luty 1920 r.)

100%

Smoliński A.

|

tom 19

57-127

EN

Despite lapse of many years since the incidents described therein and today’s quite rich literature concerning the issue, in Polish historiography there is still lack of full and exhaustive overview regarding the participation of the Polish armed forces in the operation of seizure of lands ceded to Poland by Germany by virtue of the Versal Treaty in January and February 1920. It is happening although from time to time, mainly when the opportunity of subsequent anniversary occurs, the subject-matter seems to generate interest of historians. Meanwhile by reason of long-lasting arrangements and the seize of forces engaged then by the Republic of Poland, it was one of prior military operations in which the Polish Army and Navy took part during „independence and borders wars” fought by the Polish state and its army in the years 1918-1921. Thus the author needed to achieve his goal by describing in possibly comprehensive way the participation of the Polish armed forces, therefore both Polish Army and Navy, in the operation of seizure of Pomeranian lands in 1920. Therefore he discussed and rated the unrealized plans to seizure Pomerania, which came into being in various Polish military and political circles in 1918 and 1919, including those which were attempted to base exclusively on potential military possibilities, namely rebel ones of the population of Pomerania. The next crucial issue that was raised by him were the Polish-German negotiations, in result of which, the principles and way of vindication action conduct were determined. One showed their stages and indicated the difficulties that accompanied them. In the end, their final result was shown together with established in the end of 1919 and approved in the beginning of 1920 detailed plan of the course of military vindication action, carried out by the forces of the Polish Army and Navy. The following complex of issues discussed by the author are the Polish military preparations for vindication action. Therefore he took up a description of organisational situation of Pomeranian Front and all military formations that were part of it. The trouble was taken to prepare the full register of forces involved in that operation. Moreover, the author presented the course of vindication action together with a schedule of Polish military forces seizuring individual places like even Toruń, Grudziądz and Bydgoszcz. It was also pointed at few cases during which it led to conflicts and shoot-out between the stepped Polish Army and outgoing German troops. The course of Puck celebrations, which took place on 10 February 1920, was characterised. The entirety of those deliberations is ended by discussing the course of liquidation of Pomeranian Front, which forces in winter and spring of 1920 were consecutively transferred to the East, where they entered into the composition of armies orientated then against the Red Army.

6

Zachodnia Dywizja Strzelecka Armii Czerwonej. Przyczynek do dziejów polskojęzycznych formacji Robotniczo-Chłopskiej Armii Czerwonej w latach 1917–1919

100%

Smoliński A.

|

nr 105

59-84

EN

In the study the Author has tackled the issue of social and political circumstances, as well as the methods of forming Polish-speaking units of Red Army, namely the Western Rifles Division, by Polish-speaking and Polish communists staying in Soviet Russia. He was also interested in the actual motives – primarily political ones – which were driving the authorities of communist Russia when they agreed to form Polish speaking military units on their territory. At the same time, the Author has also determined the actual results of the organizational actions taken then, as well as the reasons why the Soviets decided to end the existence of the Western Rifles Division in the summer of 1919.

PL

W studium autor zajął się kwestią okoliczności społecznych i politycznych, a także metodami formowania przez polskojęzycznych i polskich komunistów przebywających w sowieckiej Rosji polskojęzycznych formacji Armii Czerwonej, mianowicie Zachodniej Dywizji Strzeleckiej. Interesowały go również rzeczywiste motywy, przede wszystkim polityczne, które kierowały władzami bolszewickiej Rosji, gdy godziły się one na formowanie na podległym im terytorium polskojęzycznych formacji wojskowych. Jednocześnie ustalił on, jakie były realne efekty podejmowanych wówczas działań organizacyjnych oraz przyczyny rezygnacji przez Sowiety latem 1919 r. z dalszego istnienia Zachodniej Dywizji Strzeleckiej.

7

POLSKIE FORMACJE WOJSKOWE OKRESU I WOJNY ŚWIATOWEJ I WOJSKO POLSKIE Z LAT 1918-1939 – WĘZŁOWE PROBLEMY ORAZ STAN BADAŃ I POSTULATY BADAWCZE

100%

Smoliński A.

|

nr 1(13): Historia Wojskowości

3-24

EN

In this article the author discusses the crucial issues of Polish military history of 1914-1939 concerning Polish military units from the First World War and the Polish army of the Second Polish Republic until the Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union invasion of Poland in September 1939. The article also deals with the questions connected with Poland’s strategic location in the years 1921-1939 and the related Polish military planning, the mobilization and economic preparations undertaken at that time, military alliances, military relations with the then neighbors of Poland etc. Thus the article presents the whole of the major military issues related mainly to the functioning of the Polish state between 1918 and 1939. The author has also briefly presented the current state of Polish historiographic research concerned with the above mentioned issues. Where it is necessary, the author suggests foreign-language historical literature, including those publications which concern the armed forces of Poland’s then. powerful neighbors, i. e. the Red Army and the Reichswehr and later the Wehrmacht.

8

Refleksje i uwagi na temat pochodzenia i ewolucji znaczenia w Polsce niektórych pojęć z zakresu kostiumologii wojskowej na przykładzie wybranych publikacji słownikowych i encyklopedycznych

100%

Smoliński A.

Rocznik Przemyski

|

2014

|

tom 50

|

nr 1: Historia Wojskowości

127-164

EN

Both in Poland and in Europe civilian costume studies has managed to gain undeniable recognition in the academic circles connected with the humanities. One result of that, apart from considerable development of the research and an increasing number of specialist publications, also in Poland, is recognizing costume studies as an auxiliary science of history. It is generally acknowledged that it concerns an important element of man-created civilization: material culture. It is very different in Poland, however, as regards military costume studies, especially in relation to research on uniform studies, which is rare and developing slowly. As a result, it is a low-prestige activity, and in consequence, apart from rare cases, beyond the interests of costume studies experts in civilian fashion or historians exploring military history. In the case of military costume studies, the major and most frequently used Polish terms are “barwa”, “mundur” and “uniform” and their derivatives. That is why the author of this article, using major Polish dictionaries and encyclopedias, decided to investigate how their meaning developed and changed in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and also what their origin is, i.e. which languages they have been borrowed from.

9

Rodowód, dzieje i symbolika swastyki w pułkach strzelców podhalańskich Wojska Polskiego w latach 1918-1939

100%

Smoliński A.

|

tom 49

|

nr 1: Historia Wojskowości

161-198

EN

This article presents the history of this symbol in the Podhale Rifles regiments and other formations of the armed forces in the Second Polish Republic, which also used the symbolism of the swastika. The author shows the origins of that symbol and the way it was introduced in the uniforms of the Podhale Rofles. He also attempts to estimate whether that symbol actually ocurred in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries in the Podhale folk culture, and thereby, whether the swastika could be identified at that time with the so-called „unexpected cross”. Besides the study also shows how the look and ideological significance of that symbol developed in the army in that period. At the same time the author indicates those symbolic elements in which in the Podhale Rifles regiments and other formations of the 21st and 22nd Mountain Infantry Divisions, as well in the artillery, the swastika appeared. Usually it was on the standards and other vexilla, on commememorative badges and official and occasional forms, regiment tableware etc.

10

Próba oceny wartości poznawczej akt pozostałych po Oddziale II Sztabu Głównego Wojska Polskiego w kontekście możliwości opisu sytuacji wojskowej, ekonomicznej i społecznej ZSRS w latach 1921-1939

100%

Smoliński A.

|

nr 3(5)

s. 55 - 94

EN

Virtually throughout the whole period of 1921-1939 the political relations between Poland and USSR could be characterized by far-reaching distrust. This meant that both countries led against each other a large-scale intelligence. Polish armed forces military intelligence was mainly led by Division II of the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces. Its aim was to identify and assess, as understood in wider context, Soviet military capabilities, especially the Workers and Peasants Red Army forces, as well as the Soviet communication system and capabilities of the military industry and industry which could have potential of supporting military efforts of the state and its armed forces. No less important task of the officers and employees of the Division II of the General Staff was to protect its own military capability against the Soviet military intelligence penetration. Author of this article undertook the analysis of the quantity, content and information value of the remaining archives of the Division II presently spread across several state archives in Poland, as well as archives abroad. These documents are crucial in understanding the extent and impact of its intelligence activities in years 1921-1939 targeting the USSR. Author's deliberations and conclusions were mainly formulated based on the most significant, most comprehensive and most valuable archival units of that collection currently held in Poland in the Central Military Archives and the New Records Archives, as well as archives of this creator which are part of archival collections in the Russian State Military Archive in Moscow, which also incorporated the former Storage Centre, Historical-Documentary Collection. Author's painstaking study shows, that it is difficult to overestimate the value of Division II archives when conducting research on Soviet threat to Poland in the interwar period. Similar, it is also difficult to assess the Soviet military capabilities at this time, and their various phenomena of economic, social and political nature, which occurred in the former USSR. Therefore, this archival collection may be a significant and valuable source of information for Soviet research. To this day we have preserved many records from different units of the Division II that may be considered very interesting and valuable research material. This material could considerably enhance our understanding of the level of knowledge of the Polish state on matters regarding Soviet Union in the years 1921-1939. From a research point of view, it is important that these documents do not relate exclusively to the military matters, even though dominant, but they provide description of all aspects of political, social and economic life of the country.