Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Afryka w klasycznej i współczesnej myśli geopolitycznej

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Klin T.

Forum Politologiczne

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2010

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tom 10 - Przestrzeń i granice we współczesnej Afryce

85-112

EN

In the article Africa's position in the achievements of the main representatives' geopolitical thought has been described. In the period until 1945 considerations about this continent as an object of expansion were preferred, it was also emphasized Africa's little significance in the context of a lack of sufficient power on the global scale. An interesting exception has been created by Halford Mackinder, who called a major part of Africa "Southern Heartland" - a territory recognized as difficult to conquest and control by sea powers. In the modern geopolitical thought more attention has been paid to marginalization of Africa, what is a consequence of the lack of essential centres of power, economic weakness, and not completely formed separate African civilisation. Another considered aspect was the main lines dividing the continent. They coincide in the high degree with the common division into North Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Kryzys przywództwa RPA w regionie południa Afryki

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Klin T.

Forum Politologiczne

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2008

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tom 7 - Przywódcy i przywództwo we współczesnej Afryce

87-100

EN

The Republic of South Africa is a regional power, and during the apartheid's rules it has interfered militarily and economically in many Southern African countries. After the peaceful democratic transformation it appeared that the RSA was naturally predisposed to play a role of regional leader because of its economic potential, models of solving internal political conflicts and demographic supremacy. However, internal problems are African National Congress's priority: education, poverty, racial inequality - all impossible to solve fast. Military expenditure has been reduced, therefore the RSA cannot take part in peace-keeping and peace-making missions in Sub-Saharan Africa on a large scale. The government operates on the global arena in order to improve its international position - it concerns co-operation between India and Brazil, demanding a permanent membership in the United Nations Security Council, organizing the FIFA World Cup in 2010. Meanwhile, there are numerous armed conflicts or dangers of relapses of such conflicts in Sub-Saharan Africa. Besides, in the RSA's nearest international environment there is an oppressive dictator- ship in Zimbabwe, which has caused arrival of a few million immigrants and refugees to the RSA. Also, the majority of people suffering from AIDS live in Southern Africa. These three serious regional problems (conflicts, dictatorship in Zimbabwe and AIDS) demand an active leadership, but the Republic of South Africa is absorbed by internal affairs and not expensive acts on the global arena. Although it is considered as a natural regional power, its activity in Southern Africa is very limited.

3

Interwencjonizm czy wolny rynek? Spory wokół współczesnej pomocy rozwojowej dla Afryki

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Klin T.

Forum Politologiczne

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2011

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tom 12 - Problemy bogactwa i biedy we współczesnej Afryce

201-232

EN

The article presents a contemporary dispute about the development aid for Africa. In the first part a short history of this problem has been described, and general assumptions of the paper have been pointed out. The next part refers to arguments for development assistance. They have been divided into three groups: moral, economic, and political. The same pattern has been applied to the arguments against development aid. These middle parts of the article base on works made by famous scientists (especially economists): Jeffrey Sachs, William Easterly, Dambisa Moyo, Joseph Stiglitz, Paul Collier, and others less known authors, as well as on international financial institutions’ official documents. Afterwards, changes in the real development assistance given for Africa have been pointed out. For instance, Western powers (USA, Great Britain, France and Germany) became the main donors, whereas Japan lost this position. Although only a few developed states keep the commitment of giving 0,7% of the GDP for developing countries, the main assumption of the Millennium Development Goals has been put into practice: development aid has been more than doubled. Additionally, the article refers to the thesis about Africa as the region receiving the most financial resources from development assistance. Conclusions contain an allegation about Africa as the biggest (the most populated) region in need of aid, because it receives less than Middle East and some Oceanic countries, if per capita calculation is applied. Besides, certain common points in the dispute are noticeable: both parties agree that the most effective improvements should be sent to African countries, little part of assistance might be got by governments instead of lower subjects, and local conditions should be more applied while aid giving. There is a rhetorical conclusion at the end: it is difficult to argue completely against development aid for Africa, living in Poland which is a great beneficiary of financial resources within the European Union.

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Colin Flint, Wstęp do geopolityki, przeł. J. Halbersztat, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2008, ss. 244

100%

Klin T.

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tom 23

311-314

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Współczesne teorie spiskowe – istota i krytyka

100%

Klin T.

Athenaeum. Polskie Studia Politologiczne

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2011

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tom 31

36-53

EN

This study refers to the issue of conspiracy theories, very popular within the up-to-date society, seldom raised by scientists. The main purpose of the author has been, firstly, to present a research of university students’ opinions about the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington in 2001, and secondly, to apply contemporary explanations. The first section of the article contains introductory issues, especially the notion of ‘conspiracy theory’ and a scheme of conspiracy thinking. The middle part presents outcomes of the carried out research. Afterwards a theoretical explanation of modern conspiracy interpretations has been undertaken. Much attention has been paid to modern factors shaping present world-view. The final sections consist of criticism of conspiracy theories and a polemic with the popular 9/11 interpretation.