Artykuł poświęcony jest problemom przydziału zasobów sieci optycznych sterowanych programowo (SDN) w sposób wspierający współpracę pomiędzy mgłą i chmurą obliczeniową. Rozwiązania analizowane są pod względem emisji CO2, wpływu na wydajność sieci oraz opóźnień ruchu wymagającego szybkiej obsługi. Główny wkład niniejszego artykułu to dodatkowa analiza i propozycje usprawnień polityki latencyAware wykorzystywanej do obsługi żądań związanych z mgłą obliczeniową.
EN
The paper focuses on dynamic resource provisioning in an all optical Wide Area Software Defined Network supporting energy-aware interplay between fog and cloud. Considered approaches were compared with reference solutions with respect to latency of fog related requests, CO2 emission and impact on network performance. The main contribution of this paper are additional analysis and improvements proposal for latencyAware policy utilized to handle fog related traffic.
Pomiary w sieciach SDN mogą być prowadzone i analizowane zarówno przy użyciu metod znanych z tradycyjnych sieci, jak i z wykorzystaniem protokołu interfejsu południowego. Celem niniejszej pracy jest zestawienie rozwiązań prowadzenia pomiarów pasywnych w czasie rzeczywistym. Szczegółowo porównano metody pomiarów obciążenia sieci z wykorzystaniem protokołów OpenFlow i sFlow.
EN
Measurements in SDN can be conducted based on both SDN southband-API and traditional approaches. The aim of this work is to compare real time passive measurement solutions. Comparative analysis of OpenFlow and sFlow protocols was conducted in terms of network load measurements.
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Purpose:The aim of this article was to examine the adhesion of ZnO thin films and the influence of temperature deposition process on their morphology. ZnO thin films have been deposited by atomic layer deposition. Design/methodology/approach: Adhesion of ZnO thin films was investigated using the scratch test method. Changes in the surface morphology were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In order to confirm the chemical composition and phase investigated of thin films was carried out Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDS and X-ray analysis. Findings: Results and their analysis have shown that the ZnO thin films deposited by ALD are uniform and homogenous. Significant impact on their morphology has the temperature of the deposition process. In the case of the adhesion temperature is negligible. Practical implications: Knowledge about the ALD ZnO thin films are possibility to obtaining a uniform thin films show that material has a big potential in optoelectronics and photovoltaic application. Originality/value: The article presents the original research results of the structure and properties of ZnO thin films deposited by ALD method, that can replace a commonly used transparent conductive layer.
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Purpose: The article presents the results of research on ZnO nanopowder prepared using sol-gel method that is the easy process enabling us to control shape and size of particles The purpose of this article is to synthesized ZnO nanostructures by sol-gel method and characterized them for use in dye sensitized solar cells. Design/methodology/approach: Zinc oxide nanopowder was synthesized by using zinc acetate dehydrate as a precursor. The prepared nanopowder has been subjected to structural analysis using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images were taken with a Zeiss Supra 35. Qualitative studies of chemical composition were also performed using the Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). The structure of zinc oxide was investigated by X-ray crystallography The absorbance of zinc oxide layers with and without dye were measured by Thermo Scientific Evolution 220 spectrophotometer equipped with a xenon lamp in the wavelength range from 190 nm to 1100 nm. Findings: Sol-gel method allows the formation of uniform nanoparticles of zinc oxide. The nanoparticles have been successfully used in photoelectrode of dye sensitized solar cell. The light harvesting efficiency of the electrode it remains in a wide spectral range above 85%, which gives better results than in the case of titanium dioxide. Research limitations/implications: The next step in the research will be to investigate the ZnO/NiO composite on the properties of the photoelectrode of dye sensitized solar cell. Practical implications: he unique properties of produced ZnO nanostructural materials have caused their interest in such fields as medicine, transparent electronics and photovoltaics. Originality/value: The ZnO nanoparticles were prepared using sol-gel method and then effectively used in the photoanode of dye sensitized solar cell.
This paper focuses on minimizing carbon footprint of data centers inter-connected via optical networks. The main contribution of this paper is the comprehensive assessment of proposed and well known anycast strategies, performed in regular network topologies. The presented results concern the impact of the strategies on CO2 emission and network performance. The effectiveness of the investigated strategies very strongly depends on network topology attributes, thus analyzing this issue in regular topologies allows to draw valuable conclusions.
PL
Celem opisanych prac badawczych jest ocena możliwości redukcji dwutlenku węgla emitowanego przez centra obliczeniowe połączone siecią optyczną. W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki weryfikacji zaproponowanych strategii rutingu typu anycast w sieciach o regularnych topologiach. Wykazano, że efektywność działania strategii rutingu jest silnie uzależniona od topologii sieci. W związku z tym stopień redukcji emisji dwutlenku węgla oraz wpływ na wydajność sieci, mogą stanowić wskazówkę do oceny zasadności wdrażania proponowanych strategii przez operatora infrastruktury telekomunikacyjnej.