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There are differences between scientific and non-scientific English indeed: a case study

100%

Crespo B.

Linguistica Pragensia

2020

tom 30

nr 2

187-203

This study considers the behaviour of one specific stance adverb, indeed. In a previous analysis of scientific texts, indeed was found to be one of the most frequently used adverbs in the expression of emphatic standpoint evincing authorial presence (Moskowich and Crespo 2014). Also noted was its differing use by male and female writers, as well as differences according to genre and the geographical provenance of authors. My aim in the present study is to see whether such behaviour of indeed is also found in non-scientific texts, and if so to what extent. The analysis will include both scientific and non-scientific texts from the nineteenth century, a period in which the general fixation of English in its contemporary form had already taken place. The initial hypothesis is that authors of scientific texts tended to express themselves with more caution, even tentativeness, in comparison to authors writing less “impersonal” texts. External factors might also lead to identifiable variations in use in scientific writing, these including the sex of the speaker, plus his or her self-confidence as a writer. Such factors will be used as variables in the analysis. Data for scientific writing will be drawn from the Corpus of English Texts on Astronomy (CETA) and the Corpus of History English Texts (CHET); the Penn Parsed Corpus of Modern British English (PPCMBE) will be used for non-scientific texts.

Women Writing Science in the Eighteenth Century: A Preliminary Approach to Their Language in Use

100%

Crespo B.

Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies

2015

nr 24/2

103-127

Female authors of scientific works were few in the eighteenth century in comparison with the increasing production of male writers. Their limited presence in the scientific panorama of the period could, therefore, account for the lack of research on how these women wrote or the sort of linguistic strategies they were familiar with from a present-day perspective. Some external considerations should be also reckoned as of paramount importance: on the one hand, science as such was an underdeveloped concept at the moment. Male writers were busy in an attempt to set the grounds of science and to determine the best linguistic choices to convey scientific knowledge. On the other, it was not socially accepted that women somehow involved themselves in matters other than those such as the family or the household, or similar matters. The results obtained from the linguistic analysis point to a predominant use of modality indicating prediction and necessity in contrast to hypothetical constructions and recognizable verbs of persuasion. It follows from this that it is a modulated discourse constrained to a certain extent by the social norms of the period.