This article is devoted to the issues of foreign language teaching. It analyses the process of teaching a specific foreign language which also takes into account linguistic thinking which constitutes its starting point. The problem can be accounted for by means of constructivism – a key assumption of language teaching in the postcommunication era. According to constructivism, acquisition of new knowledge is based on the prior knowledge. Consequently, the mechanism of transfer is regarded as a mental and linguistic activity which to a great extent determines foreign language acquisition. Types of transfer (unconscious and controlled), its kinds (interlingual, intercultural, intralingual) and aspects (positive and negative) allow for the presentation of didactic consequences in teaching Russian to the Polish.
When Marie Skłodowska-Curie began research on the radiation of uranium compounds discovered by Henri Becquerel, she uncovered two new chemical elements, sparking a revolution in atomic science. From the very beginning, radium was hailed as a miraculous element; itssalts emitted heat, colored porcelain and glass, and emitted a unique glow. Radium quickly found applications in medicine, where it was not only used to treat diseases but also employed in „mild radium therapy” for preventive purposes. Radium, however, possessed not only healing properties but also purported to have the ability to beautify, rejuvenate, prevent, and captivate. A global „radium fever” ensued, leading to the addition of radioactive salts to almost all everyday products. The stories of the „radium girls” and golfer Eben Byers, however, cast a shadow over the fame of radium.
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Przedstawiono przegląd literatury dotyczącej zastosowania zeolitów, krzemionkowych materiałów porowatych o uporządkowanej strukturze, w terapii chorób nowotworowych i bakteryjnych, chorobie Alzheimera oraz jako adiuwantów leków przeciwnowotworowych i środków kontrastowych w obrazowaniu metodą rezonansu magnetycznego.
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A review, with 60 refs., of structure and phys.-chem. properties of zeolites used in pharmacotherapy. The use of ordered porous silica materials in therapies for cancer and bacterial origin, in Alzheimer’s disease and as cancer adjuvants and contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging was discussed.
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Otrzymano oleożele w wyniku żelowania cieczy lipofilowych substancjami umożliwiającymi tworzenie struktury sieciowej. Przedstawiono sposób otrzymywania oleożeli na bazie olejów naturalnych, takich jak nierafinowany olej z pestek malin oraz nierafinowany olej z konopi siewnej, z wykorzystaniem koloidalnej krzemionki lub polimeru stanowiącego mieszaninę triacyloglicerolu kaprylowo-kaprynowego z poliuretanem-79 jako substancji żelującej.
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Unrefined raspberry seed and hemp seed oils were homogenized (10,000 rpm) with the addn. of colloidal silica or a mixt. of caprylic-capric triacylglycerol with polyurethane-79 used in concns. of 3, 4.5, 6 or 7.5% by mass, optionally with the addn. of 10-60 μm solid particles (mica, TiO₂, Fe₂O₃). The process was carried out at the 80°C, in 2 variants, differing in the order of introducing the ingredients. The effective gel form was obtained for both oils obtained with the polymeric gelling agent or silica, used in amts. of 4.5 and 6 wt.%, resp. The solid particles were efficiently suspended in oleogels based on both silica and polymeric gelling agent. The viscosity of the gels obtained with the addn. of silica was significantly lower than that of the gels with the addn. of a polymeric agent. Oleogels based on hemp oil showed higher viscosity values.
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