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EN
Data are presented concerning vaccines used in the prophylaxis and control of some viral and bacterial infectious diseases of swine, particularly against: MPS, PRRS, PMWS CSF, AD, SI, E. coli, Cl. perfringens type C and A and oedema disease. The lower efficacy in immunization of inactivated vaccines is stressed. However in case of live vaccines against PRRS this is not always the case since also live attenuated vaccines deliver unsatisfactory results of immunization. This is explained by frequently occurring genetic changes in the genome of the field PRRSV strains in comparison with the strain or strains being in the vaccine. Vaccines against PMWS are characterized, underlining high efficacy of the vaccines in the Baculovirus system. After withdrawing from field use against CSF the vaccines Lapest and Cellpest a recombinant vaccine against CSF was introduced for control of this disease. A recombinant vaccine against AD of swine is mentioned, which was successfully used in eradication program in Europe. Of high practical value is mentioned a vaccine against SI containing subptypes H1N1, H3N2 and H1N1. Referring to vaccines against viral diseases of swine marker vaccines were mentioned enabling differentiation of animals infected from vaccinated (DIVA strategy). At the beginning of the XXI century several new and effective vaccines were developed, produced and used against diarrheal diseases of different etiology and for the first time against oedema disease. The role of strategy of vaccination depending on the characteristic of the infectious disease, the vaccine and the production system of swine is present.
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nr 12
612-614
EN
The influence of poisoning with nitro-compounds on the immunological system of carp has been assessed under natural conditions using water diversion of the Nitrogen Plant at Puławy. The examinations were carried out on 80 carps weighing 250-300 g each which were maintained for six weeks in the water diversion and in which an increased level of nitro-compounds was found. Twenty fishes transported from a healthy environment served as control animals. After the period of poisoning the fish were placed in aquaria with water free from contaminants and remained under the influence of levamisole (5 mg per 1 1 of water) in order to stimulate immune mechanisms after nitro-compounds immunosuppression. The reaction of the immunological system was assessed on the following basis: the number of leukocytes and neutrocytes in 1 pi of blood, metabolic activity of granulocytes, the level of lysozyme in the serum and in the mucus of the carp. It was found that a chronic poisoning of carp caused irreversible changes in their immune system; the fish could not respond to the immunostimulating action of levamisole. The findings give the reasons to believe that fish kept for a longer time in water with an elevated concentration of nitro-compounds may be more susceptible to various disease-causing factors.
EN
Artificial electromagnetic fields, which are a consequence of human progress especially generated by mobile telephony, begin to play a considerable role in shaping the Earth’s electromagnetic environment. This study attempts to determine the effects of the 1 800 MHz electromagnetic field on chicken embryogenesis. The chicken eggs (n=180) were randomly divided into three equal groups and incubated under standard conditions. Control group was incubated in the incubator without an EM field generator, sham group was set in the incubator with a switched off EM field generator, experimental group – chicken embryos were subjected to exposure to magnetic field (1 800 MHz) 10 time per 4 minutes every day. From 430 h of incubation hatch times were observed. The study showed that the chicks in experimental group started internal piping 32 h earlier than in the controls and shame group. While, the process of external piping in experimental group started 26 h earlier than in the control and shame group. The results show that electromagnetic field emitted by mobile telephony does not affect the number of obtained healthy chicks. Only in few unhatched embryos from the experimental group, lack of eyeball was observed. This study was performed under project DS 3210/KHDZFiZ.
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the diversity of fish fauna and zoobenthos in three pond canals of the Experimental Fisheries Station of the University of Agriculture in Krakow. The physicochemical parameters of the water were also measured. A total of 1,056 fish of 23 species was caught during four sampling catches performed from May 2013 to August 2013. Six of the species identified were aliens. The number of zoobenthos families noted was similar and ranged from eight to 15 depending on the canal and month. The results suggest that the ecological role of the pond canals is significant.
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