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EN
The subject of the paper is to present, analyse and evaluate most important (but selectively) theoretical and empirical aspects of functioning of Polish labour market during 25 years and of Polish economic policy as well. In the paper functional and institutional changes in the context of economic transition and integration were described in particular.
EN
While implementing economic policy, the State concentrates on four main goals related to economic stabilization referring to economic growth: a stable price level, a balance in the economic relationships with other states and the implementation of a full employment policy. Employment policy and labor market policy are crucial aspects of these actions. In the current study, attention has been paid to the very differentiation between the notions of employment policy and labor market policy, special emphasis has been placed on the latter as it directly influences the level and structure of unemployment in the national and regional economy. Another important part of the study presents particular aspects of the policy implementation against the phenomenon of unemployment in the studied regions in the period 2011–2016. The wielkopolskie voivodship and the warmińsko-mazurskie voivodship have been chosen as the study subjects. These regions significantly differ regarding their level of unemployment, but also in terms of their labor market policy implementation.
EN
Wielkopolskie Voivodship is the one of the best developing regions in Poland. Achieving of higher than average national economic ratios allows including Wielkopolskie Voivodship to economically stronger regions of Poland. The main goal of the article is to present, analyse and evaluate the functioning of the regional labour market of Wielkopolskie Voivodship during 2000–2010 years, for example. The analysis is based on three general aspects of labour markets: the level and structure of employment, the level of earnings and the level and structure of unemployment. These three qualities are presented in comparison to the average proper ratios in Poland and also in various sections according to demographic and social-economic features such as: sex, the level of education, economic sector and the others.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present, analyze and evaluate changes on the labor market in Poland and in the European Union. In the paper we have presented, above all, labor supply resources, labor demand and the wages level and relationships and situation regarding the unemployment level. The presentation and analysis of the macroeconomic data have been an attempt to compare the functioning of this market in Poland and in the European Union. The results of the analyses imply that the studied countries and areas still remain very diverse regarding the formation of the situation on their labor markets.
PL
Czy mobilność zasobu pracy ma znaczenie dla funkcjonowania regionalnych rynków pracy w krajach transformujących się. Wyniki przeprowadzonych analiz wykazały, iż mimo występowania dużych dysproporcji pomiędzy regionalnymi rynkami pracy, znaczenie mobilności zasobu pracy dla redukowania tych dysproporcji w krajach, takich jak: Czechy, Węgry, Polska, Słowacja oraz Słowenia jest bardzo ograniczone. Niewielka jest także skala samych migracji – między tymi krajami oraz w ich ramach – a więc zarówno wewnętrznych, jak i zewnętrznych. Analiza empiryczna potwierdziła, że choć relacja pomiędzy migracjami zasobu pracy a zmiennymi opisującymi regionalne rynki pracy w badanych krajach była statystycznie istotna, to ich ekonomiczne znaczenie było bardzo niewielkie.
EN
Is spatial labour mobility important for the functioning of regional labour markets in transition countries? The results of the analysis show that, despite the existence of some major disparities among regional labour markets, the scale of spatial mobility (both cross-regional and cross-national) in such countries as the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia is very limited. Also limited is the scale of both external and internal migration in these countries. Although the relationship between the analyzed indicators of migration and the variables describing regional labour markets proved to be statistically significant, its economic relevance is negligent.
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PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest ocena stanu oraz stopnia przestrzennej koncentracji działalności innowacyjnej w regionach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2000–2011. W odniesieniu do prowadzonych rozważań definicyjnych, a także powszechnej praktyki stosowanej w literaturze ekonomicznej, autorzy za podstawową miarę innowacji przyjmują liczbę zgłaszanych patentów. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że poziom i dynamika innowacji, a także poziom ich koncentracji w analizowanych regionach UE oraz w przyjętym okresie ulegały istotnym zmianom. Ponadto analiza autokorelacji przestrzennej prowadzona w oparciu o statystykę I Morana, wykazała, że działalność innowacyjna w badanych regionach ma tendencje nie tylko do koncentrowania się w poszczególnych regionach (na co wskazują wysokie wartości współczynnika Giniego), ale również w określonych grupach regionów.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to try to evaluate the level and degree of spatial concentration of innovative activities in the European Union regions over the period 2000–2011. In accordance with conducted studies on definitions, as well as, a common practice present in the economic literature, authors decided to use the patent data as a measure of innovative activities. The conducted research indicate that the level and concentration of innovations in the EU regions was changing significantly. Moreover, the spatial autocorrelation analysis based on I Moran’s statistic showed that the innovative activities were concentrated not only in particular regions (which was proved by high values of Gini index) but also in groups of regions.
7
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EN
The main goal of the present article is to identify the main determinants and mechanisms through which the level and growth rate of labour productivity as well as selected aspects of employment influence the economic development of Polish regions over the 2000–2013 period. The conducted analysis suggests that among such productivity and employment-related factors as hourly labour productivity, total hourly work time per person employed, effectiveness of labour market, level of participation rate and demographic structure, of greatest importance for the economic development of Polish regions is their inner effectiveness reflected by the level of hourly labour productivity.
PL
Celem pracy jest przedstawienie, analiza i ocena poziomu i relacji wydajności pracy w Polsce w perspektywie regionalnej. Różnica w poziomie wydajności pracy w regionach pozostaje wysoka. Wśród przyczyn tego zjawiska można wskazać poziom wydajności pracy, który określa poziom wynagrodzeń w poszczególnych regionach. Tak więc przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza poziomu wydajności pracy w Polsce. Tezą potwierdzona w badaniu jest to, że utrzymujące się różnice w płacach w regionach Polski mogą być wyjaśnione przy pomocy różnic w poziomach i relacji płac, które są szczegółowo omówione w niniejszym opracowaniu.
EN
The aim of this study is to present, analyze and assess the level and relations of labor productivity in Poland in regional perspective. The difference in the level of productivity in regions still remains high. Among the reasons for this phenomenon we can indicate the levels of labor productivity, which determine the levels of wages in particular regions. Thus the subject of this paper is the analysis of the levels of labor productivity in Poland. The thesis stated in the study is that the maintained differences in wages in regions of Poland may be explained by differences in the levels and relations of wages, which are discussed in detail in the study.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest próba bliższej prezentacji, analizy i oceny statusu społeczno-ekonomicznego żołnierzy zawodowych, a zwłaszcza w zakresie zasad i form oraz wielkości i struktury zatrudnienia, a także wynagrodzenia wraz ze wskazaniem na poziom, relację i strukturę wynagrodzeń. Ponadto – również działań na rzecz tzw. rekonwersji kadr oraz statusu weterana.
EN
This paper is an attempt to make more closely the presentation, analysis and evaluation of socioprofessional Statute of professional soldiers, and Especially in the rules and forms, and the size and structure of employment and the Remuneration together with an indication of the level and structure of Remuneration relationship. In Addition – also called actions. reconversion of staff and veteran status.
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2016
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tom 11
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nr 1
17-28
EN
Our objective has been to review, analyze and evaluate the pension scheme for professional soldiers and their family members in Poland, including the current legal regulations governing this area. The unique legal status of the armed forces in Poland has always been associated with the commonly held belief that professional soldiers and their families enjoy a special, privileged position in terms of social security compared with other occupational groups. However, the unique and more advantageous conditions for the acquisition of health or old-age pension rights drawn up specifically for the armed forces can be seen as compensation for the high psychophysical and intellectual expectations that professional soldiers must satisfy. These expectations include requirements such as constant work availability, willingness to risk one’s life and health and, in general, a higher degree of work stress among professional servicemen than among other groups of employees.
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