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EARLY ROMAN PERIOD BURIALS OF PÚCHOV CULTURE: BURIED NATIVES OR OFFERED FOREIGNERS?

100%

Pieta K.

nr 2

241 – 286

The study presents and analyses materials from two hillforts located in North-Western Slovakia, where the Early Roman Age skeletal graves were discovered. At that time, Púchov culture hillforts disappeared abruptly. Significant changes in ethnical composition as well as in power structure led to the modification of settlement structure in the Western Carpathians. Numerous pieces of weaponry, inventories and hoards show that both hillforts analysed in this paper were destroyed in the first decades of the Current Era. Inventories of graves containing Noric-Pannonian attire can be attributed to the same period. So far, we do not know any cemeteries or graves of members of the culture dated back to the younger La Tène and Early Roman Periods. There are only sacrificial sites with dominating cremation rituals. Female burials found on the slopes below the fortifications in Bytča-Hrabové and in Mikušovce belong – together with the older finds from Púchov – to unique finds attributed to the culture. Judging by the position of the deceased and detected fatal injuries, we can assume that these burials reflect some previously unknown ritual practices. The question of whether the deceased were members of the local culture or rather new colonisers – presumably coming from the Noricum milieu - will be answered by prepared DNA and Isotope analyses.

DIE FRÜHVÖLKERWANDERUNGSZEITLICHE HÖHENSIEDLUNG IN DOLNÁ SÚČA, WESTSLOWAKEI. EIN BERG MIT HORTUNGSTRADITION

100%

Pieta K.

tom 68

nr 1

37 – 68

At the foot of a rock with prehistoric and early historical settlements and a medieval castle ruin, two hoards from the migration period have been found. Six hoards from the Late Bronze Age, Middle Latène Age and Early Middle Ages were also discovered here. At the end of the 4th and the beginning of the 5th c. the mountains in the Western Carpathians were used as refuges. The hill-top settlements are concentrated in the northern periphery of the Danubian-Suebian settlement, mostly in the Middle Váh Valley, Upper Nitra Valley and Upper Gran Valley. Their number has increased significantly due to the field surveys in recent years. One of the reasons for the settlement of mountain areas is the turbulent times during the ethnic movements of the time. Also the climatic changes cannot be excluded. The article also deals with the problem of the long-term tradition of depositing the mass finds and offers several examples of the accumulation of hoards from different eras on the ‘holy mountains’.

VYUŽITIE KRAJINY STREDNÉHO LIPTOVA V PRAVEKU A VČASNEJ DOBE DEJINNEJ

63%

Benediková L. , Pieta K.

nr 63

147 - 196

The paper presents the summary and evaluation of up-to-date known archaeological sources from the cadastres of Liptovské Matiašovce and Liptovský Trnovec in the Central Liptov region. The micro region stands for the valid model of the prehistorical and early historical settlement of the Liptov Basin and in certain form also of whole Northern Slovakia. Only the convincing structure from the La Tène stage of the Púchov culture could not have been testified on studied territory.

Radiocarbon dated pulse and cereal crops indicate diachronic use of Iron age extreme upland sites in the Western Carpathians, Slovakia

45%

Barta P. , Hajnalová M. , Benediková L. , Dreslerová D. , Pieta K.

2023

tom Vol. 50, no. 1

1--20

Mountain summits in the Slovak part of the Western Carpathians bear evidence of human presence from the Late Bronze to the Late Iron Age. According to fire-induced changes in archaeological record and finds of weaponry, some of the extreme upland sites (EUS) were viewed as places of safety or refugia violently destroyed within a short period. We have focussed on three sites with summits at 1300–1550 m a. s. l. and found out that two of them were used in 650–400 calBC and 390–150 calBC, respectively. By the first systematic use of 14C dating and targeted 14C sampling, we have overcome the inherent chronological imprecision of their artefactual record and opened new vistas for interpretation of this type of sites.