Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Agricultural Real Property as a Subject of Limitations on Transactions Transferring Ownership

100%

Marciniuk K.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

|

2017

|

tom 26

|

nr 1

EN

The article introduces a definition of agricultural real property based on various legal acts – before the adoption of the Civil Code, pursuant to Article 461 of the Civil Code and the Act on Shaping the Agricultural Regime; it also describes the criteria of establishing the property as being used for agricultural properties. It features the assessment of the legal character of a property being recorded in the cadaster as agricultural and establishing properties as agricultural in zoning acts and the Act on Zoning and Development. The article also tells the story of limitation of trading agricultural land in Poland, focusing largely on the most recent and very extreme limitation introduced by the Act on Ceasing the Sale of Property Owned by the State Treasury and amending certain other acts of 14 April 2016 and reviews the procedure and legal conditioning of obtaining a permit to sell agricultural property, granted by means of an administrative decision issued by the President of the Agricultural Property Agency and the potential consequences of its invalidity. The article provides a complex review of a wide range of issues related to the limitations on transactions involving agricultural real property.

PL

Przedmiotem rozważań prezentowanych w artykule jest kształtowanie się normatywnej treści definicji pojęcia nieruchomości rolnej jako przedmiotu reglamentacji obrotu własnościowego. Analiza prowadzona jest na gruncie szeregu aktów prawnych na przestrzeni lat – przed uchwaleniem kodeksu cywilnego, zgodnie z treścią art. 461 Kodeksu cywilnego, na gruncie ustawy o kształtowaniu ustroju rolnego. Przedmiotem rozważań są także: kryteria uznawania nieruchomości za wykorzystywaną na cele produkcji rolnej, ocena prawnego charakteru wpisu klasyfikacji gruntów jako rolnych w ewidencji gruntów i budynków, określania gruntów jako rolnych w aktach planowania przestrzennego oraz na gruncie samej ustawy o planowaniu i zagospodarowaniu przestrzennym. Autor opisuje również historię reglamentacji obrotu ziemią rolną w Polsce, poświęcając dużo miejsca zmianom wprowadzonym ustawą z dnia 14 kwietnia 2016 r. o wstrzymaniu sprzedaży nieruchomości Zasobu Własności Rolnej Skarbu Państwa oraz o zmianie niektórych ustaw. Opracowanie obejmuje ponadto analizę podstaw materialnoprawnych i postępowania w sprawie wyrażania zgody na zbycie nieruchomości rolnej, udzielanej w drodze decyzji administracyjnej wydawanej przez Prezesa Agencji Nieruchomości Rolnych, oraz potencjalne konsekwencje jej wadliwości dla obrotu gruntami rolnymi. Zostały też opisane inne zagadnienia związane z ograniczeniami obrotem nieruchomościami rolnymi w Polsce.

2

Kilka uwag do założeń do projektu ustawy o zmianie ustawy o zagospodarowaniu wspólnot gruntowych

100%

Marciniuk K.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

|

2012

|

tom 10

535-548

EN

Common lands constitute a carry over from the ownership transformations that occurred in Poland during the 19th century as feudalism drew to an end. Common lands constitute a form of joint ownership enjoyed by the residents of a given village. Typically, a villager’s share in the common land is based upon the size of the person’s farm. The majority of “Commons” were created during the 19th Century, however, in practice some Commons can be traced back more than 600 years. Today in Poland more than 5,100 Commons exist, covering an area of approximately 107,000 hectares. Of this number, the legal status of nearly 3,500 Commons is not clear, resulting in most of these properties being off the market. The management and administration of Commons is regulated by the Common Lands Act (“Act”) dating back to 1963. Today the Act is inadequate to properly address the current and future use of the Commons. The current mechanism used to determine a person’s right to use a particular common land, as well as his or her share in ownership, is inadequate and inefficient. In response to the growing difficulties in managing the Commons, the Polish government is currently working to amend the Act. Once enacted, the proposed amendments are intended to implement a new set of rules to determine the legal status of the Commons, as well as to determine legal title to such common lands. Under the proposed amendments, the legal status for each property regarded as common land will be determined on the basis of documentation, and in the event such documentation does not exist, on the basis of the factual state of such land during the previous five year period. Within first 6 months following amendment of the Act, interested parties will be able to submit applications to indicate which properties comprise the Commons, and the share of ownership afforded to specific individuals. If a particular Commons is not claimed by entitled parties, ownership of such property will be awarded to the local municipality or to the State Treasury. This article examines whether the proposed amendments will in fact resolve current questions and disputes regarding the legal status of Commons.

3

Sytuacja prawna nabywcy nieruchomości rolnej

100%

Marciniuk K.

Studia Iuridica

|

2021

|

tom 87

301-330

EN

The Act on shaping the agricultural system of April 2003 introduces a special regime for trading in agricultural real estates. This act, as a rule, imposes the ban on purchasing agricultural real estates by entities that are not individual farmers, including primarily any legal persons (entities) as well as natural persons who do not meet the criteria for being considered as individual farmers. However, the scope of the Act is much wider – its operation does not end with the acquisition of the agricultural real estate by its purchaser. Among the instruments for shaping the trade of agricultural real estates it is also necessary to indicate the obligation of the purchaser to run a farm, which includes the purchased property, for a period of at least 5 years from the date of its purchase, and if the purchaser is a natural person, an obligation to run this farm personally by its owner. In addition, during this period, the purchaser of agricultural real estate may not sell it or give it over to other entities (e.g. for tenancy or lease). The article discusses details of the limitations of the ownership rights to the agricultural real estate, including restrictions on the freedom to use and dispose it. The discussed regulations are also assessed as to their compliance with the Constitution and the law of the European Union.

4

Main Directions and Normative Areas of Agricultural Land Protection

100%

Marciniuk K.

Studia Iuridica Lublinensia

|

2020

|

tom 29

|

nr 2

EN

The subject of the considerations presented in the article is the shape of modern regulations on the protection of agricultural land. The analysis is conducted primarily in the field of protective provisions regarding the so-called quantitative and qualitative protection of agricultural land, as well as economic instruments correlated with these provisions for the protection of agricultural land. Other regulatory areas, including predominantly the existing and discussed solutions of European Union law regarding closer linking of agricultural producer support instruments with requirements in the field of environmental protection, within the scope of the so-called conditionality and greening. The subject of the study is not only the analysis of traditional directions of agricultural land protection as a means of production in agriculture, but also an attempt to determine the areas and directions for further development of this regulation.

PL

Przedmiotem rozważań prezentowanych w artykule jest kształt współczesnej regulacji dotyczącej ochrony gruntów rolnych. Analiza prowadzona jest głównie w zakresie przepisów ochronnych dotyczących tzw. ochrony ilościowej i jakościowej gruntów rolnych, a także skorelowanych z tymi przepisami instrumentów ekonomicznych ochrony gruntów rolnych. Przedmiotem rozważań są również inne płaszczyzny regulacyjne, w tym przede wszystkim istniejące i dyskutowane rozwiązania prawa Unii Europejskiej dotyczące ściślejszego powiązania instrumentów wsparcia producentów rolnych z wymaganiami w zakresie ochrony środowiska naturalnego, w zakresie tzw. warunkowości i zazieleniania. Przedmiotem opracowania jest zarówno analiza tradycyjnych kierunków ochrony gruntów rolnych jako środka produkcji w rolnictwie, jak i próba określenia płaszczyzn dalszego rozwoju tej regulacji.

5

Legal issues of spatial planning in agricultural areas in the light of the amendment of the spatial planning and development act of 7 July 2023

100%

Marciniuk K.

Studia Iuridica

|

2023

|

tom 101

211-227

EN

The author analyses the impact of the law reforming the spatial planning system on issues of shaping agricultural production space and, more broadly, on spatial management in rural areas. Passed on 7 July 2023, the Act represents the largest and most ambitious reform of the spatial planning system in at least 20 years. The new law introduces a number of provisions relating strictly to agricultural areas. The most significant change from this point of view is the expansion of the catalogue of values that must be taken into account by entities participating in spatial planning to include issues related to the shaping of agricultural production space and the development of agricultural production. The consequence of these changes will be an increase in the importance of agricultural space-shaping issues in the spatial planning process. The author also analyses other changes affecting agriculture, including, above all, a further extension of the protection of agricultural land from uncontrolled use for non-agricultural purposes.

6

Inwestycje budowlane na gruntach rolnych położonych w granicach administracyjnych miast

100%

Marciniuk K.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

|

2011

|

tom 9

368-375

EN

Pursuant to the new article 5b of the Act on the protection of agricultural and afforested lands as amended on 19 December 2008 agricultural lands situated within the administrative borders of cities has been excluded from the scope of this Act. As a consequence, changing conditions of development of such agricultural lands is now subject to the planning and development Act only. Legislator settled the conflict of two values deciding that the need of protection of agricultural lands should not hinder the urbanization processes within the city limits. The article discusses regulatory environment created as a result of the mentioned amendment of the Act, presenting in particular potential threats that due to the actual lack of master plans and inefficient regulations promoting enactment thereof, large areas of undeveloped agricultural lands located within the city limits will be developed in accordance with individual planning permits, where the current planning and development Act does not provide for the precise criteria for issuing such planning permits in undeveloped areas that used to be a farmlands. So–called good neighborhood rule, which assumes continuation and duplication of already existing solutions seems to be inadequate tool to the needs of urbanization of undeveloped areas, to which agricultural lands are very often counted. The author expresses opinion that the issue of providing sufficient amount of investment areas for the city development purposes has much broader dimension and may not be limited to formal status conversion. Effective transformation of agricultural production areas into investment areas requires enactment of the local master plans determining not only possibilities of non–agricultural development of particular plots but also indicating scope and basic rules for required mergers and/or divisions of land necessary for it’s development, and regulating principles of development of technical and communication infrastructure (e.g. road system), drainage, environmental protection and other issues, which cannot be effectively addressed on the individual decisions level. The permanent solution of this problem would require deeper system changes particularly in development planning regulations.

7

Problematyka rolna w świetle nowej umowy handlowej UE–USA (Transatlantic Trade & Investment Agreement)

100%

Marciniuk K.

Studia Iuridica Agraria

|

2013

|

tom 11

227-241

EN

On 8 July 2013 the United States and the European Union commenced negotiations over new trade agreement – Transatlanctic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Once concluded, the TTIP may turn to be one of the most significant free trade agreements. It’s importance would not be limited to the bilateral trade relations between the United States and the European Union, but most probably, achieving agreement over TTIP will reinvigorate negotiations over the global agreement during the WTO’s Doha Round. Agriculture seems to be one of the most difficult, but equally most significant issues. Author presents the background of current differences over the agricultural issues on both sides of the Atlantic and identifies main topics and challenges on the way to the agreement, e.g.: the level of duties for agricultural products and the pace of their elimination, sanitary and phytosanitary issues, GIs, new technologies in food production, export subsidies as well as food aid. Potential agreement over these issues will trigger significant changes in legal regulations regarding agriculture in the United States as well as in the European Union and its member states, including Poland.

8

Problematyka prawna lokalizowania instalacji wytwórczych odnawialnych źródeł energii

100%

Marciniuk K.

Studia Iuridica

|

2022

|

tom 95

331-353

EN

The article discusses the legal and administrative regulations regarding location of installations generating energy from renewable sources (RES). The growing importance of generating energy from renewable sources and the significant involvement of public funds allocated to support the development of RES generation infrastructure contrast with the lack of coherent legal regulations regarding the implementation of this type of investment. The legal provisions governing the investment process involving the construction of RES installations remain dispersed in many normative acts, and decisions concerning the construction of new installations are made by various authorities as part of separate administrative proceedings regarding individual legal aspects of these investments. Issues related to the location of renewable energy sources installations are regulated primarily in the area of spatial planning and development regulations, with the provisions of specific acts discussed in the article also playing an important role, including, in particular, the acts on renewable energy sources and those on investments in wind farms.