In this article I examine the views of Antony Khrapovitsky and Lev Tikhomirov. Khrapovitsky was Russian Orthodox metropolitan of Kiev, controversialist in theological and political affairs who attempted an exclusively ethical interpretation of Christian doctrine. Lev Alexandrovich Tikhomirov a Russian revolutionary and one of the members of the Executive Committee of the Narodnaya Volya, following his disenchantment with violent revolution became one of the leading conservative thinkers in Russia. He authored several books on monarchism, Orthodoxy, and Russian political philosophy, which quickly became the ideological basis for the Russian monarchist movement. He asserted the existence of authority and ethics as a fundamental regulatory force in society.
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Maria Skobtsova, known as Mother Maria, Saint Mary (or Mother Maria) of Paris, born Elizaveta Yurievna Pilenko, Kuzmina-Karavayeva from her first marriage, Skobtsova from her second marriage, was a Russian noblewoman, poet, nun, and member of the French Resistance during World War II. Elizaveta Yurievna Pilenko arrived in Paris in 1923. Soon, she was dedicating herself to theological studies and social work. Her bishop encouraged her to take vows as a nun, something she did only with the assurance that she would not have to live in a monastery, secluded from the world. She took the name Maria upon taking her vows. Her confessor was Father Sergei Bulgakov. Mother Maria made a rented house in Paris her “convent”. It was a place whose doors were wide open to refugees, the needy, and the lonely. It soon also became a centre for intellectual and theological discussions. In the person of Mother Maria the two elements: service to the poor and theology – went hand-in-hand. She has been canonized a saint in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
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