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EN
Modern development of technology features not only dynamic changes aimed at improving the performance characteristics of structural components through the optimum selection of materials, adjustments in design, or upgrade of manufacturing processes, but also the increase of the economic impact resulting from these changes. All of these processes occur under one common name of conversion and have a simple or – more often complex character (due to the vast scope of changes introduced). This article examines some basic definitions related to the concept of conversion and its association with innovative and intelligent solutions currently applied in materials engineering. Due to a variety of problems, attention was focused on the core notions related to conversion. Basing on our own experience (i.e., on the experience of the Foundry Research Institute and AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow) and also on foreign achievements in this particular field of knowledge (mainly coming from the US), the most interesting examples of the conversion of materials and design (in the authors’ opinion) were discussed with reference to the methods of manufacture and possible interactions.
PL
Współczesny rozwój techniczny charakteryzuje się nie tylko dynamicznymi zmianami, mającymi na celu polepszenie właściwości eksploatacyjnych elementów konstrukcyjnych – poprzez optymalny dobór materiału, korektę konstrukcji czy doskonalenie procesu wytwórczego, ale także wzrostem efektów ekonomicznych, wynikających z dokonywanych zmian. Procesy te noszą nazwę konwersji i mają prosty lub – częściej – złożony (z uwagi na zakres dokonywanych zmian) charakter. W artykule rozpatrzono podstawowe definicje związane z pojęciem konwersja oraz jego skojarzenia z innowacyjnymi i inteligentnymi rozwiązaniami – aktualnie stosowanymi w inżynierii materiałowej. Ze względu na szeroki zakres zagadnienia, uwagę skoncentrowano na podstawowych pojęciach związanych z konwersacją. Opierając się na doświadczeniach jednostek badawczych polskich (Instytutu Odlewnictwa i Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej im. S. Staszica w Krakowie) i zagranicznych (głównie amerykańskich) zaprezentowano ciekawsze – zdaniem autorów – przykłady konwersji materiałowych, konstrukcyjnych oraz tych związanych ze sposobami wytwarzania – w ich wzajemnej interakcji.
EN
The development of a novel design for the toothed segment of drive transmission in longwall shearer is expected to significantly reduce the cost of individual components of the feed system and the related work of repair and renovations, increasing at the same time the safety of mine repair teams. The conducted experimental and numerical analysis of the state of stress and strain in the innovative design of the toothed segment has enabled estimating the maximum effort of the developed structure. Based on the results of fundamental mechanical studies of the cast L20HGSNM steel and fatigue tests combined with the numerical stress/strain analysis, the fatigue life curve was plotted for the examined casting of the rack.
EN
The ecological meanings clearly indicates the need of reducing of the concentration of the CO2 in the atmosphere, which can be accomplished through the lowering of the fuel consumption. This fact implies the research for the new construction solutions regarding the reduction of the weight of vehicles. The reduced weight of the vehicle is also important in the case of application of the alternative propulsion, to extend the lifetime of the batteries with the reduction of recharge cycles. The use of cast alloy AlZnMgCu compliant of plastic forming class 7xxx alloy, are intended to significantly reduce the weight of the structures, while ensuring high strength properties. The wide range of the solidification temperature, which is more than 150°C, characterizes this alloy with a high tendency to create the micro and macro porosity. The study presents the relationship between the cooling rate and the area of occurrence and percentage of microporosity. Then the results were linked to the local tensile strength predicted in the simulation analysis. The evaluation of the microporosity was performed on the basis of the CT (computed tomography) and the analysis of the alloy microstructure. The microstructure analysis was carried out on test specimen obtained from the varying wall thickness of the experimental casting. The evaluation of the mechanical properties was prepared on the basis of the static tensile test and the modified low cycle fatigue test (MLCF).
PL
W artykule omówiono rezultaty badań procesu krzepnięcia metodami cyfrowej symulacji i badań eksperymentalnych. Badania prowadzone były w oparciu o omodelowanie przygotowane techniką laserową. Omówiono proces przygotowania modelu metodą LOM (Laminated Object Manufacturing).
EN
The subject of studies was simulation and experimental research of solidification processes. Some results of temperature distribution are presented in the paper. Laser technique was used to design physical model. The LOM (Laminated Object Manufacturing) is also described in the paper.
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EN
The article presents the analysis of properties of the high-strength AlZnMgCu (abbr AlZn) aluminium alloy and estimates possibilities of its application for responsible structures with reduced weight as an alternative to iron alloy castings. The aim of the conducted studies was to develop and select the best heat treatment regime for a 7xx casting alloy based on high-strength materials for plastic working from the 7xxx series. For analysis, wrought AlZnMgCu alloy (7075) was selected. Its potential of the estimated as-cast mechanical properties indicates a broad spectrum of possible applications for automotive parts and in the armaments industry. The resulting tensile and fatigue properties support the thesis adopted, while the design works further confirm these assumptions.
PL
Zaprezentowano zagadnienie uszlachetniania powierzchni tytanu powłoką diamentopodobną w celu zwiększenia jego biotolerancji w organizmie ludzkim. Na powierzchni próbek z tytanu wytworzono ochronną warstwę diamentopodobną, stosując metodę implantacji jonowej. Dokonano oceny jej właściwości mechanicznych oraz adhezji do podłoża metalowego. Przedstawiono historię rozwoju biomateriałów metalowych w świecie z uwzględnieniem powikłań zdrowotnych, jakie wywołują. Scharakteryzowano właściwości użytkowe implantów metalowych oraz stawiane im wymagania. Omówiono dwuwiązkową metodę jonową IBAD (Ion Beam Assisted Deposition) formowania powłok węglowych na materiałach metalowych, jak również metodykę badań wytrzymałości, mikrotwardości, szczelności i adhezji powłok do podłoża metalowego. Przedstawiono wyniki badań mikrostrukturalnych, mechanicznych i adhezji do podłoża oraz wskazano sugestie co do kierunków dalszych badań.
EN
The article deals with refining of the surface of titanium alloy biomaterial with the diamond-like coating in order to increase its biotolerance in the human organism. On the surface of test pieces made of titanium a diamond-like protective coating was made applying the method of ion implantation. Its mechanical properties and adhesion to the base metal were evaluated. The history of the development of the metal biomaterials in the world is presented as regards health complications which they ca n produce. The utilization properties of metal implants as well as the requirements which are imposed onto them were characterised. The IBAD ion method (Ion Beam Assisted Deposition) of producing carbon coatings on metal materials is discussed together with the methodology of the mechanical testing measurements of microhardness, pressure tightness tests and examination of coating adhesion to the base metal. The results of microstructural and mechanical tests as well as those concerning the adhesion to the base metal are given. Some more suggestions concerning the trends of further investigations are presented.
EN
A classical algorithm Tabu Search was compared with Q Learning (named learning) with regards to the scheduling problems in the Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) manufacturing process. The first part comprised of a review of the literature concerning scheduling problems, machine learning and the ADI manufacturing process. Based on this, a simplified scheme of ADI production line was created, which a scheduling problem was described for. Moreover, a classic and training algorithm that is best suited to solve this scheduling problem was selected. In the second part, was made an implementation of chosen algorithms in Python programming language and the results were discussed. The most optimal algorithm to solve this problem was identified. In the end, all tests and their results for this project were presented.
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