Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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РОЗДУМИ ВІДОМОГО ЧЕСЬКОГО ІСТОРИКА ПРО АГРЕСІЮ РОСІЇ ПРОТИ УКРАЇНИ НА СТОРІНКАХ ДРУГОГО ВИДАННЯ КНИГИ «ІСТОРІЯ УКРАЇНИ» (ПРАГА, 2022) ТА У ЗВ’ЯЗКУ З ПРОВЕДЕННЯМ ХХІІІ МІЖНАРОДНОГО КОНГРЕСУ ІСТОРИЧНИХ НАУК (ПОЗНАНЬ, РП, 21–27 СЕРПНЯ 2022 р.)

100%

Rychlík J.

Міжнародні зв’язки України: наукові пошуки і знахідки

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2022

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nr 31

71-76

EN

The article presents the author's reflections on the 2014-2022 Russia-Ukraine war

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Czesi i Słowacy na drodze do niepodległego państwa (1914-1918)

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Rychlík J.

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2019

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nr 4 (23)

90-114

EN

The following article describes the struggle of Czechs and Slovaks for independent Czechoslovakia during World War I and explains why Austria-Hungary could not survive.

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Situace v Protektorátu Čechy a Morava v roce 1939 a na počátku roku 1940 ve zprávách Generálního konzulátu Slovenské republiky v Praze

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Rychlík J.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2011

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tom 109

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nr 4

716-738

EN

Although the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was not an independent international entity and could not, therefore, form diplomatic relations with other states, Protectorate governments strove to maintain proper links with Slovakia. The Slovak side was also keen to reciprocate. Whereas Protectorate governments maintained relations with Slovak authorities through the intermediary of the State Office for Emigration headed by Spacir, the Slovak Republic established a Consulate General in Prague in May 1939. Karol Jozef Bujnak, a former Czechoslovak career diplomat, who had good knowledge and links with the Czech environment, was appointed as Consul General. Bujnak worked in Prague until the autumn of 1940. Preserved reports refer to conditions in the Protectorate after the outbreak of the war; the demonstrations on 28th October 1918 and persecutions of students on 17th November 1939.

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Jozef Tiso : můj nepřítel - tvůj hrdina?

100%

Rychlík J.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2018

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tom 25

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nr 3-4

348-365

EN

The author fi rst summarizes the career of Jozef Tiso (1887–1947), a politician and a Roman Catholic priest. His entire political life was linked to Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party; he was always a representative of its moderate faction, and even represented it as a minister of the Czechoslovak government. In 1939, he became its chairman. In the First Czechoslovak Republic, he was a dyed-in-the-wool federalist; since the proclamation of the Slovak State in March 1939 until the end of his life, an advocate of Slovakia’s independence. As the president of the Slovak Republic between 1939 and 1945, he was responsible for Slovakia’s political regime, alliance with the Nazi Germany until the end of the war, and deportations of Slovak Jews. After the war, he was tried by the National Court of Justice, sentenced to death, and executed in 1947. The author analyzes in detail the accusations brought against Tito during the trial and Tiso’s defence, as the arguments presented by both parties were later used by Tiso’s adversaries and sympathizers. Czech politicians and general public after the war were united in their condemnation of Tiso; in their eyes, Tiso’s biggest crime was his share in the destruction of the common state. On the other hand, the Slovaks’ view on Tiso depended on their attitude toward the previous political regime in Slovakia. Furthermore, the author monitors how Tiso’s cult was formed in the separatist segment of the Slovak exile since the end of the war. It was spreading mainly in the United States, Canada, and Argentina, but the efforts aimed at Tiso’s moral purifi cation were unsuccessful. The article also pays special attention to Tiso’s refl ections in the Czech and Slovak dissent in the 1970s and 1980s. In the end, the author describes disputes over Tiso which broke up after 1989 in Slovakia and which were a part of the “return of history” to the public space. They were related to attempts for Tiso’s commemoration and historical rehabilitation, and found their way to the media, politics, and historiography. The essay is concluded by a statement that the Czech society is not interested in Tiso as a historical fi gure, but that Tiso still divides the Slovak one: a minority of the Slovak society sees Tiso as a hero and a martyr, while most Slovaks perceive him as an unsuccessful and discredited politician.

CS

Autor nejprve resumuje kariéru politika a římskokatolického kněze Jozefa Tisa (1887–1947). Politicky byl celý život spjat s Hlinkovou slovenskou ľudovou stranou; vždy v ní zastupoval umírněné křídlo, mezi válkami ji reprezentoval i jako ministr v československé vládě, v roce 1939 se stal jejím předsedou. V první Československé republice byl přesvědčeným federalistou, od vyhlášení Slovenského státu v březnu 1939 až do konce života obhájcem slovenské samostatnosti. Jako prezident Slovenské republiky v letech 1939 až 1945 nesl odpovědnost za tamní politický režim, za spojenectví s nacistickým Německem až do konce války i za deportace slovenských Židů. Po válce stanul před Národním soudem a na základě jeho rozsudku byl v roce 1947 popraven. Podrobněji se autor věnuje obviněním Tisa vzneseným v soudním procesu a jeho obhajobě, protože na argumentaci obou stran byly do značné míry založeny postoje pozdějších Tisových odpůrců a příznivců. Česká politika i veřejnost byly po válce v jeho odsuzování jednotné, přičemž za největší zločin pokládaly Tisův podíl na rozbití společného státu, zatímco náhled Slováků na Tisa závisel na jejich hodnocení minulého politického režimu na Slovensku. Dále autor sleduje, jak se v separatistické části slovenského exilu od konce války formoval Tisův kult. Šířil se v tomto prostředí především ve Spojených státech, Kanadě a Argentině, snahy o Tisovo morální očištění ale vyzněly naprázdno. Samostatná pozornost je v článku věnována Tisovým reflexím v českém a slovenském disentu v sedmdesátých a osmdesátých letech. Nakonec autor líčí spory o Tisa, které propukly po roce 1989 na Slovensku a byly součástí „návratu dějin“ do veřejného prostoru. Odehrávaly se kolem pokusů o Tisovu komemoraci a historickou rehabilitaci a pronikly do médií, politiky i historiografie. Stať uzavírá konstatování, že českou společnost Tiso jako historická postava nezajímá, slovenskou ale stále rozděluje: menšina v něm vidí hrdinu a mučedníka, většina neúspěšného a zdiskreditovaného politika.

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Kult sv. Cyrila a Metoděje a jeho nacionalizace v moderní době

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Rychlík J. , Rychlíková M.

Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)

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2013

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tom 23

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nr 2

75 – 82

EN

The essay explains how the religious cult of Sts. Cyril and Methodius was changing during centuries. Both saints were - after the Great Schism in 1054 A. D. - considered saints mainly in the Eastern Orthodox Churches, while in the Catholic Church they were formally confirmed as saints only in 1880. Gradually, the cult obtained also national character. In the 19th century, Sts. Cyril and Methodius were considered mainly the Slavic saints because they brought Christianity to the Slavs, and according to the traditions, they were partly of the Slav blood. In addition, the particular Slavonic nations started considering them as national saints. Both brothers thus served as the factor forming the national identity of various Slavonic nations in the Balkans and Central Europe. The cult also led to disputes among the particular nations about the “nationality” of both brothers and mainly about the nationality of the Slavic people who they preached to. Because the place of birth of both holy brothers was in Macedonia, the Greeks, Bulgarians, and – in the second half of the 20th century - also the newly formed Macedonians began to claim Sts. Cyril and Methodius to become symbols of their national history and cultural heritage.