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2 Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

2 2016

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Industrial water contamination and health impacts: an economic perspective

100%

Sayal A. , Amjad S. , Bilal M. , Pervez A. , Mahmood Q. , Afridi M. A.

nr 2

The present study quantifi ed and evaluated the presence of water pollution and its impact on the health of the adjacent human community. Water sampling and household surveying was carried out using a GIS approach using primary data. The quantifi cation of health impact was based on the scientifi c tools of environment, economic theory, econometrics, and statistics. The focus of our study was the impact of lead (Pb) contamination of drinking water from industrial effl uents on population health and utility in Dingi village, adjacent to an industrial estate in Haripur Pakistan. Results of the study showed varying Pb contamination beyond the safe limits set by WHO. Marginal willingness to pay based on probabilities of sickness, medical costs, and avertive costs was estimated at $53 per household yearly. The opportunity cost of leisure ($22) and avertive measures ($54) were also estimated to fi nd the total economic cost born by households ($300). Total annual welfare loss of the Dingi community exposed to Pb contamination and its cost accounted for 4.26 million PKR ($42,000). This welfare quantifi cation extrapolated to other villages can contribute to heavy monetary loss. Policymakers should pay special attention to such polluted areas to adopt mitigation measures to save public health.

Biosand filter containing melia biomass treating heavy metals and pathogens

100%

Zhang B. , Gao L. , Fazal S. , Mahmood Q. , Laghari M. , Sayal A.

nr 2

Water contamination poses serious threats to human health and is more prevalent in developing countries. A bio sand filter (BSF) is useful technology for developing nations because of its low cost and good treatment effi ciency. Being a locally available plant species, melia (Melia azedarach) biomass was used in BSF to test its effi ciency for metal and pathogen removal. Different concentrations (2~6 mg/L) of iron and lead and Escherichia coli-contaminated water were passed through a control sand filter (having no plant biomass) and BSF. The results showed that all three contaminants had higher removal rates in the BSF compared to the control sand filter. The removal of E.coli reached up to 100 percent on some days in the BSF, which was not the case with the control sand fi lter. The percent removal of Fe and Pb in BSF was 97.9~99.9% and 31~61%, respectively. Signifi cant turbidity removal was also observed in BSF. Melia biomass is a useful bio-resource that can help to improve water quality in BSF.