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EN
One of the ways to increase the efficiency of the decolorization process is the immobilization of biomass. In order to improve the efficiency of the dyes removal, a set of tests were carried out. The immobilized mycelium of the following strains: Pleurotus ostreatus (BWPH), Hypholoma fasciculare (L3) and Pluteus sp. (RSW3) were used to remove dyes from different classes (azo, antraquinone and triphenylmethane dyes). Two types of carriers were used – natural and synthetic. It was shown that the immobilization of the mycelium on the carriers allowed for the complete decolorization but not for all dyes. It was noted that the efficiency of the process depended on the strain, dye and carrier used for immobilization. Strain RSW3 (immobilized on pistachio shell) and RWP17 (immobilized on sponge) removed completely the RBBR anthraquinone dye, and almost all Evans blue. In case of brilliant green almost all dye was removed by strain L3 immobilized on pistachio shell.
EN
Synthetic dyes are extensively used in various industries like textile and food industry and are responsible for generation of colored and toxic wastewater. The aim of study was to evaluate decolorization efficiency of White Rot Fungi P.ostreatus (strain BWPH) for dyes belonging to different classes: Anthanthrone Red (anthraquinone dye) and Disazo Red (azo dye) having concentration of 0.08g/l. The Daphnia magna immobilization test was performed to check zoo toxicity of samples during and after treatment. The result show that maximum decolorization efficiency achieved for Anthanthrone Red and Disazo Red dye after 168h was 94.31% and 73.13% respectively. The zoo toxicity test reflects that the pure dyes were much less toxic to D.magna at higher concentration. In contrast, the post process samples were more toxic to organism. It reflected production of toxic metabolites because of enzymatic degradation/biotransformation of dye. For anthraquinone dye, post process sample of 0.25 h was less toxic as compared to 168 h sample. Toxicity Unit was 23.52(class IV), and 2.61(class III) respectively for Anthanthrone Red and Disazo Red post process sample. The conducted research showed high potential of BWPH strain for decolorization dyes belonging to different classes. But the mycelium produces toxic substances during the decolorization process. It may be related to the biodegradation of these substances to toxic metabolites. Further studies have indicated to optimize the process of decolorization.
EN
The Covid-19 pandemia increased the attention of the world community to air biocontamination. Sewage treatment plants (STPs) generate a bioaerosol during different technological operations. Research aimed to estimate the range of bioaerosol emission from different technological objects of 5 small STPs. Such knowledge is very important for risk assessment, monitoring programs and pollution limitation. The sedimentation method was used for the detection of mesophiles, psychrophiles, Escherichia coli, pigmented bacteria, Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and mold fungi. The highest level of psychrophiles and mold fungi (> 1000 cfu/m3) was detected in points located near activated sludge chambers, sludge thickening tanks, and secondary clarifiers. The mesophiles (>500 cfu/m3) and E. coli aren’t a normal component of air microflora, but were detected in all measurement points, especially near a pomp station (inflow), grit, activated sludge, sludge thickening chambers. At the points located at the leeward, the number of microorganisms was higher than in the windward. The research results indicate the necessity of constant monitoring of the STP impact on the air quality.
EN
Commonly used synthetic dyes cause serious problems with their efficient removal from sewage. The bioaugmentation of sewage treatment systems with highly decolorizing bacteria may be a solution. The aim of the study was the screening of bacteria with high ability to remove synthetic dyes (brilliant green (BG), crystal violet (CV), erythrosine (Er). The bacteria were isolated from municipal sewage, compost and rotten beech wood. Mineral and nutrient solid growth media supplemented with dyes (BG or EB) at a concentration 0.1 gL-1 were used. At second stage of screening the liquid nutrient broth supplemented with one of dye (BG, CV or Er at concentration 0.1 gL-1) was used. The contents of dyes in samples (after 96 h) were measured spectrophotometrically. The largest number of decolorizers were obtained from wastewater, then from compost and the rotten wood. In the case of BG and CV even small differences in the structure of the molecules affect the results of dyes removal. The structurally simpler BG was definitely better removed than CV. The results of the removal of Er were worse than BG but better than CV. Bacteria isolated at mineral medium removed dyes with higher efficiency.
EN
Biological methods of removal of synthetic dyes are cost effective and environmentally safe but still need improvement. The preliminary studies were focused on possibility of application of the freshwater algae Mougeotia sp. for the removal of synthetic dyes belonging to different chemical groups. Decolorization of water solutions of six dyes from four chemical groups were studied: azo – Evans blue (EB) and Congo red (CR); triphenylmethane (TPM) – brilliant green (BG) and crystal violet (CV); fluorone – bengal rose (BR) and anthraquinone – remazol brilliant blue R (RB). Dyes were used at three concentrations 0.005, 0.025 and 0.05 g/dm3. The best results of dyes removal were reached in case of both triphenylmethane dyes (BG and CV) and fluorone BR for all used dyes concentrations (97–100 %). Increase of azo dyes concentration was connected with the decrease of the removal efficiency (CR – 68–100 %; EB – 37–87 %). In case of the antraquinone RB the inverse effect was observed and the best removal results were reached at higher dye concentrations. Preliminary results point out the possibility of use Mougeotia sp. in processes of synthetic dyes removal, but further studies are required.
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