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1 Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski

2 Zyblikiewicz L.

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Aktywność zawodowa kobiet w Krakowie w II połowie XIX wieku

100%

Zyblikiewicz L.

nr 4

83-103

The article presents the scale of the professional activity of women who lived in Cracow in the second half of the 19th century. The author’s intention has been to verify – at least in relation to the urban population – the common belief that before the First World War women did not take up paid jobs to a larger extent. The analysis contains the Historical International Standard Classification of Occupations (HISCO). The records of censuses of 1869, 1880 and 1890 have been the main source for the analysis; thanks to them it was possible to create a database of urban inhabitants. After having analysed the changes in the size of the population of Cracow in the second half of the 19th century the author attempted to assess what the percentage of the dynamic increase of the Cracow’s population might be accounted for by immigrants, identified through their place of birth and citizenship. The incoming population changed the structure of the Cracow’s community as far as age and sex are concerned. The majority of the immigrants were young adults, mostly women, and they were l ooking for a job. In 1869 every sixth woman that lived in Cracow was working; eleven years later – every third, and after another 10 years – nearly 40% of them. Three quarters of professionally active women from Cracow were Roman Catholic, and only one quarter – Jewish. The article also presents the structure of marital status of working women from Cracow and the type of jobs they had – according to the main groups of HISCO. It has been proved that the women did not take up jobs motivated by the war crisis; at the end of the 19th century in Cracow there were more working women than in 2012 in Polish towns.

Dziecko w rodzinie krakowskiej w drugiej połowie XIX wieku. Studium demograficzne

100%

Zyblikiewicz L.

tom 135

Child in Krakow Family in the 2nd Half of the 19th Century. Demographical StudyThe article constitutes the foundation for further demographic research on the population of children who lived in Krakow in the second half of the 19th century. The community which was the object of the study comprised the inhabitants of Krakow aged 1 and 14. On the basis of the preserved population censuses, the author investigated the percentage of children in the entire population of the city; she tried to answer the question what the structure of the defined subpopulation was with regard to sex and religion and what the percentage of families with children in the total number of Krakow households and families was; she also tried to provide an answer the question how numerous these households were and what the position of children in them was. The author also tried – unsuccessfully – to define in approximation the children’s professional activity. The results of this study point out that the biggest percentage of children, with a small predominance of boys occurred in the population of Krakow around the year 1869; it also showed that the children from Roman-Catholic households had reached the highest percentage (cir. 60%) around the year 1890. The households in which there were children constituted between 56 and 60% and upwards, in the years 1857–1890, whereas as regards the number of family members in these households, there predominated 5-person families in all of the investigated time intervals. Whereas throughout the entire period subjected to analysis, the number of children living outside the families continually increased. The children were entrusted to the care of various institutions, were sent away to boarding schools or else went into service; very often, they were entrusted to the care of distant relations or acquaintances. The number of children who had no families was also on the increase