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Ewidencja miast zabytkowych

100%

Witwicki M.

nr 4

33-38

Au cours des années 1962—1963, sur la commande et sous la direction du Centre de Documentation des Monuments Historiques, un groupe d’historiens de l’urbanisme a procédé au recensement des „centres historiques urbains”. Cet inventaire contient les principales informations concernant l’urbanisme et la conservation des monuments historiques; il se compose de dossiers particuliers contenant: 1. des informations d’ordre administratif, 2. des informations historiques telles que: les premières mentions, la date des franchises urbaines, la caractéristique succinte du développement de la ville au cours de l’histoire, de son agrandissement, des pertes subies, des principales réalisations architectoniques sur son terrain, les données démographiques, 3 . une liste de monuments historiques avec des caractéristiques concises de chaque monument mentionné, 4. la caractéristique de l’aménagement spatial de la ville à l’heure actuelle faisant ressortir ses éléments historiques (notamment le plan, les aspects dominant au cours de l’histoire, le lotissement du terrain, le site), 5. Le matériel iconographique: plan actuel à l’échelle 1:5000, reconstitution des plans et des vues historiques de la ville. Le schéma de ces informations a été établi à base des expériences antérieures d’une étude analogue, réalisée par plusieurs conservateurs des voïevodies, en premier lieu par le conservateur de la voïevodie de Wrocław. L’inventaire concerne au total 1200 villes et constitue un matériel utilisé pour la connaissance générale de l’état de conservation dans lequel se trouvent actuellement les centres urbains historiques en Pologne. En premier lieu, le recensement a permis d’établir les buts du service de conservation dans le domaine de la récherche scientifique concernant les villes historiques qui méritent une étude monographique particulière. D’autre part, l’„Inventaire” constitue sans conteste, un matériel accessoire de grande valeur pour l’ensemble de la politique de protection et de sauvegarde des sites urbains pourvus d’une valeur historique.

Strefy ochrony konserwatorskiej : cechy obszarów chronionych, wyznaczenie granic ochrony, podstawowe wytyczne konserwatorskie

100%

Witwicki M.

1985

nr 3-4

151-156

Conservation policy pursued in the field of the protection of old town complexes is based on the results of specialistic historic and urban studies. Their final task is to set guide-lines in the field of the protection and rehabilitation of old complexes. These guide-lines, approved by conservation authorities, have become obligatory for all people and organizations that operate on protected areas. The basic of the guide-lines is a demarcation of the border of the territories on which preserved historic elements of the layout, buildings, land arrangement and landscape create complexes with clear features of historic urban setting, which makes them stand out of the entity of the structure of a modern town. Despite the fact that historic and urban studies have been carried out for many years, i.e. since 1953, until today there is no uniform approach to the method of demarcating zones to be protected. This report, employing hitherto practical experience defines precisely principles of a selection of 4 zones to be included into conservators' protection and 2 zones of conservators’ interference differing according to their characteristic features. The article sets also out general conservation guidelines for all land activities on these areas. Zone „A” covers the area which is a separate organized structural entity based on a historic urban setting {as a rule composed of the layers from different epochs, one of which became the core of the composition or left a particular hall-mark). Distortions in the historic setting are insignificant and It is possible to restitute its most important elements. Zone „A” usually covers the historic centre of the town. The area covered by zone „A " should be the ground for the restoration of preserved old elements as well as for the restitution of the complex, i.e. the return to former urban rigours consisting, i.a., in: a) preservation of a historic layout while reconstructing elements abolished in the 19th and 20th centuries, maintenance of the width of the streets and similar height of buildings’ walls, b) cleaning and, if possible, restitution, even if partial, of the grounds on which former fortifications and defences were established, c) restoration and modernization of old buildings, adjustment of new buildings complementary to old ones with regard to the scale, body and architectural divisions, the removal of disharmonizing structures, d) adaptation of contemporary functions to spatial values of individual buildings and the entire complex as well as the removal of redundunt functions, e) carrying out complex archaeological work. Zone „В" covers the area that has been subjected to fargoing transformations of the historic structure. The course and cross-section of streets partially changed, historic structures dispersed amongst new buildings, the old land layout largely effaced; it is not possible to restitute there the former urban setting. The area is often a passing place between the old centre and new housing estates. The area covered by zone „В” should be regarded as the ground for a harmonous co-existence between preserved and restored structures and elements of a historic arrangement and modern spatial forms. Zone „К ” covers the areas of a historic landscape both man-made (parks and squares) and natural (escarpments, old trees) and such open fields which represent aesthetically interesting complement to a historic town complex. Historic landscape compositions found on these areas should be subjected to restoration and restitution, while natural landscape should be rehabilitated. Zone „W” covers the areas of confirmed archaeological relics. As a rule, these areas are excluded from any investments and may be developed only according to detailed conservation instructions. Zone „OW" covers the areas of alleged archaeological relics, on which any constructional undertaking should be executed under conservators’ control. Zone „Е" covers the areas which make possible a display of characteristic elements of the historic complex. They usually are associated with access roads and it is not allowed to raise there structures that would exceed a specified height. Beyond the zones comprising urban complex there may be found here and there individual historic structures. They are also included into conservators’ protection on the strength of the law on the protection of cultural property.