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2 Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne

2 Zadorożniuk E.

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ОТ мрака «нормализации» к миражу демократизации: к вопросу о «бархатном» разводе Чехов и Словаков

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Zadorożniuk E.

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne

2005

nr 2

83-105

The subject of the considerations is the Czechoslovak „Velvet Revolution” and in particular its influence on the decomposition of Czechoslovak statehood. In the very title, the adjective „velvet” does not relate to the „revolution” but to a (civilized) „divorce” of the Czechs from the Slovaks. The influence the opposition exerted on the establishment of two separate states is assessed as the events of the „Velvet Revolution” were supposed to solve one of the most acute problems of the 75-year-old organism. Since the „Prague Spring” of 1968 and „socialism with a human face” there have existed realistic proposals on how to normalize the coexistence of the Czechs and theSlovaks within a single state – the „Spring” was to bring the elements of market economy and independence as well as to redefine the issues of a federation state. The events of the last 25 years in Czechoslovakia are analyzed from this perspective: the activity of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia prior to the invasion of the Warsaw Pact forces, maintenance of „Charter 77”, later (Czechoslovak) Democratic Initiative and the Club for Socialist Reconstruction (as well as the Civic Forum) until the collapse of 1993, which was opposed by both Havel and Czarnogursky until the very end.

Диссидентское движение в Цехословакии: Клѥцевая идея и формы рeaлиэaции

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Zadorożniuk E.

Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne

2010

nr 3

47-78

One of the consequences of Charter 77 by the mid-1980s was the emergence of protostructures of a ‘parallel society’. Diverse models and forms of a parallel society also came into existence in other countries of the ‘socialist community’. This mainly refers to Poland, where this society created a politicized structure, which later promoted the emergence of the counterelite. In Hungary, the parallel society was formed under the strong influence of the pro-reform faction of the ruling party. In Czechoslovakia the ‘parallel society’ operated under the strong influence of state structures. It was forced to distance itself from political issues. Nevertheless, the structures of the ‘parallel society’ and its ‘nonpolitical policy’ turned out to provide a significant system of ideas and an organizational initiative. It was capable of transforming the society which was stagnant in the final years of the policy of normalization. It also promoted the future emergence of democratic structures.