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tom 64
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nr 06
822-827
EN
The aim of the study was to make an attempt at showing the intraspecies heterogenecity of Malassezia pachydermatis strains with regards to their origin (strains isolated from healthy dogs and with otitis externa symptoms). The study included 41 strains of Malassezia pachydermatis species isolated in a pure culture from dogs with clinical otitis externa symptoms (n = 20), clinically healthy dogs (n = 20) and a reference strain, M. pachydermatis (CBS7925). In order to isolate the genetic material from the fungal cells, the following four procedures were selected: mechanical, enzymatic, thermal and chemical. Considering the yield and repeatability of a method for the genomic DNA extraction, a mechanical method was applied. The genetic material research of each strain was performed according to PCR-REA technique with the amplification of three genome regions: ITS, LSU rRNA and a gene encoding beta-tubuline. The ITS and LSU rRNA regions were amplified employing the standard PCR reagents, whereas the region coding beta-tubuline with the so called touch down. The obtained amplification products were subjected to restrictive analysis by means of the following enzymes: EcoRI, Ncol, Hinfl, Alul, and Eco881 (Aval). The performed investigations made it possible to reveal the genotypic differentiation within M.pachydermatis species as well as some correlation between a genotypic profile and the origin of a strain (from healthy animals or with otitis externa symptoms), which may imply the existence of genetic conditioning of the Malassezia strains’ pathogenicity.
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tom 62
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nr 08
913-916
EN
The study investigated 180 clinically healthy dogs and 35 cats with symptoms of otitis externa. 96 strains of Malassezia were isolated, including 13.5% (13 strains) of the lipid-dependent species, and the remainder was classified as M. pachydermatis. Ten lipophilic isolates came from diseased animals, two of which were isolated from dogs. M. globosa (5 strains), M. sympodialis (5 strains), M. furfur (one strain) were isolated within the lipophilic strain pool by using phenotype classification and two isolate species remained unidentified. Genotype identification was performed by PCR-REA (ITS, 26S,Bt) and biochemical identification results for all M. sympodialis and M. globosa strains were confirmed. The M. furfur strain and two isolates of an unrecognizable species were reclassified to M. pachydermatis. Isolating lipid-dependent Malassezia strains from animals having otitis externa is a unique phenomena, and, it seems, that this is the first time in which their isolation and identification from dogs by the use of molecular biology techniques has been described.
EN
The objective of the research was to assess the presence of mycotic microbiota on the integument of wild boars and roe-deer, as well as to isolate and identify each species. The research material comprised groin screening swabs collected from 13 wild boars and 56 roe-deer from the Lublin State Forests. The fungi were identified concurrently on the Sabouraud and MLNA medium at 25°C, 32°C and 37°C temperature for 14 days. Initial identification proceeded according to the conventional mycological procedures followed by the application of the commercial API Candida and API 20C Aux (bioMerieux) (Candida genus) tests and the phenotypic scheme developed by Guillot et al. (Malassezia genus). The present research has revealed that mycotic flora was recovered in all a total of 69 examined animals. The most frequently isolated fungi included Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp. and Malassezia spp. and Rhodotorula spp. The species analysis of the isolated fungi has confirmed the presence of potential pathogens, such as Malassezia sympodialis, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida non-albicans. The obtained results indicate that a population of free-living animals may constitute a critical link in the epidemiologic chain of mycotic infections.
EN
Ruminants are a group of animals that process and assimilate their food in a unique manner. The functioning of the digestive tract of these animals is closely related to the abundance and composition of microbes in the forestomach, which is a complex ecosystem of bacteria, protozoa and fungi. Microorganisms present in the rumen, and in particular their effect on physiological processes in the body, influence the animal’s physical condition and state of health. Microbiological examination of rumen microbiota ecology is hindered by a lack of selective growth media, as well as by difficulties in isolating bacteria in vitro and accurately identifying them. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of food consumed by red deer (Cervus elaphus) on the diversity of their rumen microbiota. Microbes were compared in two study periods. In autumn the animals’ diet came exclusively from natural plant sources, while in winter, supplementary feeding was introduced, including specially prepared fodder. The study showed that in deer that did not receive the special fodder in winter, but only natural plant components, the abundance of bacterial flora decreased significantly compared with what it was in autumn, unlike in animals that did receive the fodder, whose composition and caloric value substantially increased the activity of rumen microbes. In winter, changes in proportions of different morphological forms of rumen bacteria were observed, as well as a decline in their total number, particularly in the animals that did not receive the pellets. A similar decline was also observed in the populations of yeasts and protozoa in winter. To sum up the results of the study, the use of the specially prepared high-calorie fodder in winter was shown to influence the rumen ecosystem of red deer. The most significant factor improving the condition of deer receiving supplementary fodder during this period is the stabilization of bacterial flora in the rumen, which directly contributes to the efficiency of digestion.
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