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Effect of neutralizing substances on the content of trace elements in soil contaminated with cobalt

100%

Kosiorek M. , Wyszkowski M.

tom Vol. 45, nr 1

45--55

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of increasing doses of cobalt (0, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 mg/kg d.m. of soil) on the total content of trace elements in soil after application of manure, clay, charcoal, zeolite and calcium oxide. The neutralizing substances were applied at 2% of the soil weight, and calcium oxide at a dose corresponding to one hydrolytic acidity. The content of the cobalt, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, zinc, copper, manganese and iron was determined in soil. The contamination of soil with cobalt and the application of neutralizing substances had significant effects on the total content of trace elements in soil In the series without substances, the soil contamination with cobalt increased the content of cobalt, lead, chromium, nickel and zinc in soil. All the neutralizing substances reduced the content of cobalt, manganese and iron in soil. The highest decrease in the cobalt content was observed in the series with manure, whereas the highest decrease in zinc occurred after addition of charcoal. The decrease in the content of the other metals (except nickel and lead) was observed in the pots with CaO and zeolite. The effect of other neutralizing substances depended on the trace element.

Ocena twardości warstw hartowanych indukcyjnie na podstawie analizy sygnału prądów wirowych

100%

Kukla D. , Wyszkowski M.

tom nr 4

3--9

Praca dotyczy oceny możliwości identyfikacji zmian twardości warstw nawęglanych i hartowanych indukcyjnie, z wykorzystaniem metody prądów wirowych. Badania przeprowadzono na trzech zestawach próbek, ze stali AMS 6414, o różnej grubości warstwy, poddanych hartowaniu indukcyjnemu oraz odpuszczania w szerokim zakresie temperatury, dla uzyskania różnic w twardości warstwy dla każdego zestawu. Próbki każdego zestawu, z warstwami o twardości w zakresie 760–920 HV poddano badaniom z zastosowaniem prądów wirowych polegających na ocenie zmian kąta fazowego uzyskanego w efekcie oddalenia (lift – off). Przeprowadzono także standardowe pomiary twardości na powierzchniach warstw hartowanych oraz wykonano profile mikrotwardości na przekrojach próbek. Wyniki pomiarów twardości poddano analizie porównawczej z wynikami badań nieniszczących i na tej podstawie stwierdzono możliwość identyfikacji zmian twardości warstw, w oparciu o wyniki badań nieniszczących.

The work concerns the assessment of the possibility of identifying changes in hardness of carburized and induction hardened layers using the eddy current method. The tests were carried out on three sets of samples, made of AMS 6414 steel, with different layer thickness, subjected to induction hardening and tempering in a wide temperature range, to obtain differences in layer hardness for each set. The samples of each set, with the layers with a hardness in the range of 760–920 HV, were subject to testes using eddy currents which consisted in the assessment of phase angle changes obtained as a result of the lift – off effect. Standard hardness measurements on the surfaces of the hardened layers were also carried out, and microhardness profiles were made on the cross-sections of the samples. The results of hardness measurements were subject to comparative analysis with the results of non-destructive tests and on this basis it was possible to identify changes in the hardness of layers, based on the results of non-destructive tests.

High-Temperature Fatigue Testing of Turbine Blades

80%

Kopec M. , Kukla D. , Wyszkowski M. , Kowalewski Z. L.

Fatigue of Aircraft Structures

2023

tom Iss.15

22--27

This paper evaluates the efficacy of a patented grip for high-temperature fatigue testing by establishing the S-N curve for full-scale nickel-based turbine blades under simulated environmental conditions. Initially, a bending test assessed the stress-displacement characteristics of the component. This was followed by a series of fatigue tests at 950°C, using cyclic bending with force amplitudes from 5.2 kN to 6.6 kN and a constant frequency of 10 Hz. The setup, integrating the grip into a standard testing machine, proved effective for high-temperature tests and successfully determined the service life of full-scale components.