Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Estimation of kinetic parameters for the homogeneous oxidation of lean methane .air mixtures based on experimental temperature profiles

100%

Pawlaczyk A. , Gosiewski K.

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tom Vol. 30, z. 1

139-147

EN

The problem of the estimation of parameters of a kinetic equation has been presented for a homogeneous oxidation of lean methane.air mixture occurring in coal-mine ventilation air. The knowledge of both the kinetic parameters and a reliable kinetic equation is necessary for simulating the combustion of methane or mathematical modelling of the reactor. Estimation was carried out for 3 options with different initial conditions, assuming that methane is oxidized in a single step to CO2 and H2O.

PL

Przedstawiono problem oceny parametrów równania kinetycznego homogenicznego spalania mieszanin metan.powietrze o małej zawartości metanu, jakie występują w powietrzu wentylacyjnym kopalń węgla kamiennego. Znajomość zarówno parametrów kinetycznych, jak i wiarygodnych postaci równań kinetycznych jest niezbędna do symulacji procesu spalania metanu oraz modelowania reaktora, w którym to spalanie zachodzi. Oszacowanie prowadzono w trzech wariantach, z różnymi warunkami początkowymi; założono, że metan utlenia się bezpośrednio do CO2 i H2O.

2

Assessing the level of air pollution in the Lodz region based on the analysis of airborne particulates deposited on surface of commonly used bioindicators

80%

Szynkowska M. I. , Pawlaczyk A. , Paryjczak T.

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nr 31

193-198

3

Influence of Bleaching Stages and Dyeing Process on Changes in a Selected Heavy Metal Content in Flax Fibres

80%

Matyjas-Zgondek E. , Szynkowska M. I. , Pawlaczyk A. , Rybicki E.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2012

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tom Vol. 20, no. 2 (91)

91-95

EN

Raw flax fibres consist of over 70% cellulose, over 20% hemicelluloses, pectins and lignins, 2.5% wax and fat, and 3% proteins. Non-cellulosic substances constitute a glue connecting elementary fibres. Because of the huge content of hydrophobic substances, raw flax fibres are difficult to wet by water. There is a necessity of removing hydrophobic substances from fibres before further chemical treatments. Classical bleaching of flax woven fabric is a long-running process that includes four stages, each starting from the scouring process in an alkaline bath. In order to obtain full whiteness, there is a necessity of carrying out four full stages of scouring and bleaching. The results of changes in a selected heavy metal content in flax fibres after a particular bleaching stage and dyeing process were shown. The content of heavy metals in flax fibres was determined using the qualitative (ICP-MS) and semi-qualitative (LA-ICP-ToF-MS) methods. Also changes in the content of extractable elements to artificial acid sweat was determined. The content of selected metals in flax fibres fell with a decrease in non-cellulosic polysaccharide content in the fibres. The important influence of dye fixation on the extractable copper content was also shown.

PL

Surowe techniczne włókna lnu składają się w ponad 70% z celulozy, ponad 20% z hemicelulozy, pektyn i ligniny oraz 2,5% z wosków i tłuszczy i 3% z substancji białkowych. Substancje niecelulozowe stanowią spoiwo sklejające ze sobą poszczególne włókienka elementarne. Z uwagi na dużą zawartość substancji hydrofobowych surowe włókna lnu trudno zwilżają się wodą, dlatego przed bieleniem i dalszą obróbką (barwienie, drukowanie) konieczne jest usunięcie z włókna składników hydrofobowych. Klasyczne bielenie tkanin lnianych jest procesem długotrwałym i obejmuje cztery cykle, z których każdy rozpoczyna się od procesu obgotowania w alkalicznej kąpieli. Do uzyskania pełnej bieli tkanin lnianych wymagane są cztery cykle obgotowania i bielenia. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zawartości wybranych metali ciężkich we włóknach lnu po kolejnych etapach klasycznego bielenia oraz barwienia. Zawartość metali ciężkich we włóknach lnu określono z zastosowaniem metod ilościowych (ICP-MS) oraz półilościowych (LA-ICP-MS). Oznaczono również zawartość metali ciężkich ekstrahowanych do sztucznego potu. Stwierdzono, że zawartość wybranych metali ciężkich we włóknach lnu obniża się wraz z kolejno postępującymi etapami procesu klasycznego bielenia lnu. Zaobserwowano również istotny wpływ procesu kationoczynnego utrwalania wybarwień na obniżenie zawartości miedzi w ekstraktach.

4

Spalanie metanu z powietrza wentylacyjnego kopalń w termicznym reaktorze rewersyjnym

80%

Gosiewski K. , Pawlaczyk A. , Jaschik M.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2011

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tom T. 90, nr 10

1917-1923

5

Recykling elastomerów uretanowych metoda spiekania reaktywnego

80%

Błędzki A. K. , Pawlaczyk A. , Kardasz D.

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tom T. 43, nr 7-8

479-488

PL

Przedmiotem pracy było określenie możliwości recyklingu elastomerów uretanowych (EUR) metodą spiekania reaktywnego. Zsyntetyzowano cztery serie danych EUR różniące się udziałem segmentów sztywnych w makrocząsteczce (tabela l), zmielono je, a następnie spiekano. Zbadano wpływ budowy chemicznej wyjściowych EUR i warunków spiekania (temp. 210-250°C, czas 90 s lub 210 s) na ciężar właściwy, twardość, udarność, odbojność i właściwości wytrzymałościo-e podczas rozciągania otrzymanych recyklatów. Za optymalne warunki spiekania EUR uznano temp. 230°C i czas 210 s.

EN

Four series of cast urethane elastomers (EUR) were synthesized, differing in the shares of soft segments in the macromolecules (Table 1). The EUR were ground and compression molded. A study was made on the effect of the chemical structure of the starting EUR and compression molding con-ditions (210-250°C, time 90 s or 210 s) on the specific gravity, hardness, impact resistance, resilience and tensile properties on elongation of the re-sulting recyclates. The temperature of 230°C and the time of 210 s were found to be optimum EUR compression molding parameters.

6

Toxic metal distribution in rural and urban soil samples affected by industry and traffic

80%

Szynkowska M. I. , Pawlaczyk A. , Lesniewska E. , Paryjczak T.

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nr 6

EN

There is a worldwide growing concern about soil pollution by a wide range of contaminants due to their increased accumulation caused by expeditious industrial and urban development in recent decades. This issue is of special interest because of the danger toxic metals may pose to food quality and human health when they enter the food chain. The present study was undertaken to determine the impact of industrial activities and traffic emissions on metal concentrations in soil samples and the waste product phosphogypsum. The major goal of the work was to assess the influence of different pollution sources resulting in changes in the composition of soil samples collected from Łódź city (central Poland, urban area) and the outskirts of Gdańsk city (northern Poland, rural area affected by industry). In context, knowledge of the natural (background) values in soils is of critical importance in order to evaluate human activity contribution. For that reason we have investigated soil samples taken from potentially uncontaminated sites as well (Lagiewniki Forest, central Poland). Analysis of metals was performed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-TOF-MS (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb) and a mercury analyzer (Hg). The observed differences in studied metal concentrations in soil samples were a consequence of various degrees of anthropogenic activities on study areas. In general, the concentration of the measured metals tends to increase with the decline of the distance from the pollution source. The study compared relatively low levels of metals in urban soil collected from park areas in the center of Łódź with samples taken in the close vicinity of a phosphogypsum dump from a rural site affected by industrial activity. Total content of toxic metals turned out to be lower than the concentrations reported in the literature data for non-polluted and contaminated soils. Additionally, the application of OptiMass 8000 software allowed a comparison of full mass spectra of all investigated samples, which makes it possible to evaluate the qualitative variations among samples collected from affected forest, urban or rural-industrial areas.

7

Human hair as a biomarker in assessing exposure to toxic metals

71%

Szynkowska M. I. , Pawlaczyk A. , Wojciechowska E. , Sypniewski S. , Paryjczak T.

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nr 6

EN

This study discusses the content of different elements including toxic metals (Ba, Cd, Pb, Sr) in hair of adult subjects exposed to a wide spectrum of pollutants. Scalp hair samples were collected from inhabitants of the rural outskirts of Gdańsk, located in the north of Poland (from citizens living near a phosphate fertilizer waste disposal place) and from the donors who were employed in two factories in southwestern Poland (coal mine in Zabrze and lead manufacturing company in Oława) characterized as urbanized and highly industrialized areas (exposed groups). The results were compared with an average element composition of the hair of students attending the Technical University of Łódź (control group), people who were assumed not to have any direct contact with these elements, and with literature data. The determination of elements was performed with ICP-MS and ICP-OES methods. A questionnaire involving personal data information about such things as sex, age or smoking habits was completed by the volunteers. Our results revealed significant differences in concentrations of metals for studied groups and suggest that the populations we studied are exposed to toxic metals. The most probable exposure pathways seemed to be workplace and environmental pollution. This work was also undertaken to study inter-element interactions which were analyzed by the evaluation of correlation coefficients between a pair of two metals. But, with a few exceptions, no essential relation has been established.

8

Analiza zmian zawartości srebra podczas wielokrotnego prania w tkaninach wykończonych antybakteryjnie

71%

Bacciarelli-Ulacha A. , Matyjas-Zgondek E. , Pawlaczyk A. , Rybicki E. , Szynkowska M. I.

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tom nr 9-10

60--62

PL

W artykule przedstawiono pomiar różnicy barwy wyrobów włókienniczych jako wyznacznika zmian zawartości srebra w tkaninach wykończonych antybakteryjnie po procesie wielokrotnego prania. Wzorcową zawartość srebra na i we włóknie oznaczono metodą ilościową za pomocą spektrometru masowego z plazmą indukcyjnie wzbudzoną z analizatorem czasu przelotu. Wyniki uzyskane za pomocą tej techniki skorelowano z wynikami różnicy barwy uzyskanymi przy pomocy spektrometrii odbiciowej.

EN

The paper presents the application of the methodology for measuring the difference of colour as an indicator of changes in the contents of silver in an antibacterial finished fabrics after repeated washings process. The content of silver in/on the fiber has been determined quantitative method, using a mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma time of flight analyzer. The results obtained with this technique have been correlated with the results of the colour difference obtained using reflectance spectrophotometry.

9

Characterization of chosen products of combustion processes

71%

Szynkowska M. I. , Pawlaczyk A. , Rogowski J. , Bawolak K. , Paryjczak T.

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2008

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tom 17

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nr 3

411-419

EN

The basic form of pollution is characterized by a microscopic size and solid state and it is called particulates or particulate matter. Unfortunately, these forms undergo a variety of transformations, which consequently can sometimes be easily modified and even cause an increase in their toxicity. This work was devoted to join the composition of various materials being residues after different combustion processes with the distribution of elements and molecules within studied surfaces. The content of chosen elements was determined using ICP-MS and ICP-OES methods. Elemental and/or molecular distribution was studied using surface sensitive techniques, SEM-EDS and ToF-SIMS. The obtained results revealed that the composition and morphology of particles are strongly influenced by the type of material and combustion conditions.

10

Nowe podejście do badania śladów w kryminalistyce

51%

Szynkowska M. I. , Osingłowska K. , Pawlaczyk A. , Palińska K. , Marcinek M. , Rogowski J. , Czubak A. , Parczewski A.

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tom T. 92, nr 6

1125--1133