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nr 2
233-246
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyse the process of privatization in Poland.We reflect on the winners and the losers of transformation processes as such, but also of their particular elements which are directly connected with privatization. Privatization in Poland started in the 80s. and is still continuing. From the very beginning privatization was viewed, by liberal governments in Poland, as the key issue in the process of political system transformation, market reforms and implementing economic freedom. Although 60% of Polish citizens agree that capitalist economy basing on private entrepreneurship is the best system for our country, many Polish citizens still represent rather critical approach to market economy because the process of privatization in Poland has been connected with two negative factors: unemployment and corruption. Yet Polish people start to accept new reality seeing advantages of capitalist aspects over socialist ones.
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nr 4
31-49
PL
Współczesny świat uwikłany jest w procesy o znaczeniu globalnym. Najważniejsze to globalizacja i metropolizacja, których rezultaty zmieniają polski system ekonomiczny, polityczny i kulturowy. Głównym celem artykułu jest pokazanie zmian, jakie zaszły w polskiej kulturze po 1989 r. Po pierwsze, Polska stała się społeczeństwem zróżnicowanym kulturowo, gdyż żyją tutaj mniejszości etniczne, narodowe czy religijne. Po drugie, do Polski docierają elementy innych kultur, ale także elementy polskiej kultury stały się uniwersalne. To wszystko się dzieje, gdyż Polska została włączona w system światowy.
EN
Today’s world is undergoing a lot of processes of global significance. The most important of global processes are globalization and metropolization causing system of Polish economic, political and cultural change. In this article the main objective is to show changes in Polish culture after 1989. On the one hand, Poland has become the society of cultural diversity because ethnic, national and religious minorities living here. On the other hand, the elements of different cultures are brought to Poland and Polish elements of culture become universal. All the situations happen because Poland became part of the world system in 1989.
EN
For centuries, identity has been an important existential issue, because it organizes human relation with the world. Identity is not only one man's being in a biological sense, but the principle of social and cultural order. The identity is the self-awareness, the result of the social actor's involvement in a variety of network connections which are forming a human being together with the biological dimension. Thus, the identity, on the one hand, is a kind of Erikson's tradition, namely the sense of being human, on the other hand interactionist tradition, modification of identity through a process of interaction. Contemporary world, the world of confronting cultures, raises the need for analysis of identity within many cultures, which has been shaped by continuous contact with different values, norms, patterns of behaviour. Upper Silesia has been our empirical reference point for the discussion on social (regional) identity. Identity of Upper Silesia is the result of a long and complicated history and present day. This identity is created by Polish, German, Czech and Jewish a cultural elements.
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