This article is an attempt to carry out a diagnosis of the naturalistic paradigm in contemporary philosophy of religion. The thesis can be put as follows: the main trend of European philosophical thought about divinity from St. Thomas, through Kant, to the masters of suspicion and then to contemporary continental and analytical philosophy is marked by a distinction between two spheres: the supernatural and the natural. The supernatural sphere, God and his supernatural powers, is opposed to the natural sphere, which is ruled by the laws of nature and human reason, which is connected with the world and capable of understanding it. This dichotomy between the supernatural and the natural dominates thought about God. Yet naturalistic paradigm is not the last word in the philosophy of religion. Many thinkers reject it and attempt to articulate a different approach to divinity. We call them post-naturalistic. This article tries to show three main trends of post-naturalistic thought about God.
This article concerns the conditions of possibility of thinking about religious transcendence. The premise of these considerations is that the possibility of thinking about transcendence is determined by our understanding of nature. Transcendence can be considered only in relation to what it transcends. The relationship between transcendence and nature means that the possibility of thinking about religious transcendence is closely related to the way of conceiving nature. Different ways of understanding nature determine different ways of understanding transcendence. Nature can be conceived in a way which makes transcendence impossible. The reflection on nature and transcendence in their mutual relations directs us toward a different interpretation of nature that emerged in the history of European thought about φύσις. In the article the contemporary naturalistic interpretation of nature is compared with the theistic interpretation and the Greek understanding of nature.
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