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EN
The vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), also known as Gc-globulin, plays a role as vitamin D and its metabolites carrier; actin scavenger, a precursor of macrophage activating factor (DBP-MAF), binds fatty acids located on the surface of many cell types and enhances chemotactic activity of C5 and C5a des Arg. In the authors’ studies, in order to assess DBP level in mares sera, the ELISA test was developed and standardized. The aim of this study was likewise to compare the level of Gc protein in sera of mares after delivery as compared to non-pregnant mares. The sera derived from 77 full blood mother-mares taken at 36-48 h after delivery, sera of 6 mares that had not taken part in reproduction and sera of 3 geldings the Wielkopolska breed. The authors demonstrated that two days after delivery the DBP concentration in mother-mares sera was significantly higher (p = 0.001291 < α = 0.05) than in non-pregnant mares. It was also proved that DBP level in mother-mares sera had no relation to age or number of deliveries.
EN
 Drugs used in chemotherapy give undesirable side effects, e.g., cardiotoxicity, leucopenia, hair loss and others. Covalent binding of a drug with a carrier may change its biodistribution, elimination and/or rate of transformation in the organism. The aim of this work was to synthesize conjugates of anticancer drug - raltitrexed (RTX) with lysozyme, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and dextran T40 and to investigate their cytotoxicity and influence on the cell cycle in comparison with the free drug. Before conjugation RTX was transformed into anhydride by treatment with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in dimethylformamide. Activated RTX was added into aqueous solution of carriers at different pH (from 8.5 to 10.5) for 3 to 15 min. The reaction was stopped by reducing the pH to 7.0. Maximum yield of the reaction was obtained at pH 10 for BSA as well as for dextran. The highest level of substitution was obtained after 5 min of the reaction. In in vitro experiments on three cell lines: SW707, LoVo and A549, all conjugates tested had up to a few hundred times higher IC50 than the free drug. Interestingly, it was noticed that the conjugates based on dextran and albumin were more cytotoxic than the free drug in the highest concentrations tested (1000 and 10 000 ng/ml). The influence of RTX and the conjugates on SW707 cell cycle was studied. RTX blocked the cell cycle mostly in the G0-G1 and S phase and increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. Cells in the G2-M phase were not observed. The conjugates blocked the cell cycle in the S phase and decreased the percentage of cells in the G0-G1 phase.
EN
The vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), also known as group-specific component or Gc globulin, demonstrates a pleiotropic effect in human and animal bodies. DBP binds vitamin D and its derivatives. It plays a key role in the extracellular actin-scavenger system (EASS) through the ability of actin binding. DBP is a precursor of the macrophage-activating factor in the inflammation-primed macrophage activation cascade. It binds various cells to the surface of and can significantly enhance the leukocyte chemotactic activity for C5a and C5a des Arg. Anti-human DBP serum shows a cross-reactivity with the serum of the various species in double immunodiffusion or immunoelectrophoresis tests. The polymorphism of DBP in humans and animals indicates a species-characteristic pattern in PAGE and IEF. Gc globulin may be used as a non-specific marker of diseases and some clinical states of patients.
EN
Recently Boratyński & Roy (Glycoconjugate J., 1998, 15, 131) described a fast and convenient procedure for the synthesis of glycoconjugates. In the present study we used ESI-MS and circular dichroism as tools to analyze non-enzymatic glycation prod­ucts of proteins and peptides. We discuss influence of reaction conditions on the rate of glycation of lysozyme. We analyze for the first time collision induced dissociation spectra of the obtained peptide conjugates.
EN
Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) participates in the actin scavenger system, it is a carrier of vitamin D and its derivatives, it manifests the capacity to bind mainly monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, it binds to the surface of several cells and enhances chemotactic activity of C5a of the complement. The present study was aimed at answering the question whether serum DBP level in mares is related to levels of this protein in colostrum and in serum of its progeny. For this purpose, sera from 77 mares, colostra from 72 mares and sera from 69 Thoroughbred foals were collected. Mother’s age, number of deliveries experienced in the past, month of delivery, feeding of foals with colostra were recorded. Blood of the foals was sampled from the umbilical vein during delivery (0h) and 36-48 h after delivery from the external jugular vein, colostra of the mares were obtained after delivery and blood of the mares was sampled 36-48 h after delivery. Concentration of DBP was estimated by a self-designed ELISA. In the present study, DBP concentrations in newborn’s serum were found independent of their concentrations in mother’s serum, her age and number of parities experienced in the past. Colostrum DBP level was found to be lower than that in the mare’s serum and was not correlated to the concentration of this protein in mare’s serum. There was no effect of colostrum feeding on DBP level in the foal serum. These results indicate that serum DBP concentration in newborn foals depends on factors which act directly on the foal. Because of the lack of correlation between plasma and colostrum concentrations of DBP, it can be assumed that DBP is synthesised in the mammary gland and/or specific transport mechanisms exist in the mammary gland.
EN
Bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses that interact with bacterial walls and invade bacterial cells. Moreover, they disturb bacterial metabolism and lead to bacteria lysis. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria crude phage cultures, apart from the phages themselves, the bacterial debris, bacterial proteins and nucleic acids contain endotoxins. These endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides) posses a high degree of toxicity in vitro and in vivo, and their removal is essential for safety in antibacterial bacteriophage therapy. An effective, scaleable purification of bacteriophages from endotoxins was accomplished by sequential ultrafiltration through polysulfone membrane (30 nm) followed by chromatography on sepharose 4B and Matrex Cellulofine Sulfate. The phage fraction after gel filtration chromatography routinely contained endotoxins in the 150-2500 EU/mL range. The procedure yielded bacteriophages contaminated with as little as 0.4-7 EU/ml (Limulus assay). This value lies within the permitted level for intravenous applications (5 EU/kg/h by European Pharmacopoeia, 1997)
EN
The aim of this investigation was to reveal the regulatory properties of bacteriophage preparations in a model of mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferation in mice. We showed that sepharose 4B-purified preparations of the Staphylococcus aureus phage A20/R exhibited costimulatory activity in splenocyte proliferation induced by suboptimal (0.25 μg/ml) concentrations of ConA. On the other hand, the purified phage fraction was regulatory with regard to splenocyte proliferation induced by the optimal (2.5 μg/ml) ConA concentration. We also showed that the phage preparation can elicit IL-6 production in splenocyte cultures and enhance ConA-induced production of that cytokine. Furthermore, the phages preferentially induced IL-6 production in adherent splenocytes and increased levels of that cytokine in cultures of peritoneal cells from mice and rats. This phenomenon may explain the costimulatory activity of phages in the model described.
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