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3 Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

3 Smakulska J.

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Zbieżność poglądów Bogusława Polniewicza i Stevena Pinkera w kwestii zła w naturze ludzkiej

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Smakulska J.

2012

tom 13

85-103

The article is devoted to Bogusław Wolniewicz’s and Steven Pinker’s deliberations on human nature and its corruption with evil. Human nature can be deﬁned as a set of inborn qualities, inclinations or aspirations. Wolniewicz’s view on human nature is pessimistic, he claims that people can consciously do wrong despite knowing what is right in a certain case.What is more, some individuals are psychopaths and their rehabilitation is impossible. This conclusion has been strongly rejected by philosophical tradition, especially by modern thought forcing the idea of a man’s inborn kindness. Wolniewicz’s deliberations are based on axiological point of view, while Pinker’s on psychological and evolutionary ones. However, they come to very similar conclusions. They also discuss why the idea of evil in human nature is consistently rejected in spite of the history of mankind, everyday experience and results of biological science.

Determinizm a odpowiedzialność

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Smakulska J.

Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

2013

tom 14

109-125

The aim of the article is to discuss the possibility of keeping the notion of responsibility valid, despite the inborn determinism of a human being. In the context of responsibility, the incompatibility of free will and determinism, is one of the most complex and diﬃcult philosophical issues. B. Wolniewicz and S. Pinker are both the supporters of genetic determinism, however they do not negate responsibility. They claim that the idea of justice, or natural law, is deeply rooted in human nature. The main reason why people demand punishment for criminals is due to the fact that criminals contravene the moral order. Progress which is taking place in biological sciences might be perceived as a threat to the idea of justice, because some discoveries in this ﬁeld may be used by lawyers for justifying criminal deeds by evolutionary reasons and eventually proving their innocence. In fact, there is no such a danger, as explaining someone’s conduct is not the same as justifying it. Understanding does not mean forgiving. Biological sciences might be helpful in more profound understanding of the problem.

Bogusława Wolniewicza ocena moralna dzialan biotechnologicznych

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Smakulska J.

Archeus. Studia z bioetyki i antropologii filozoficznej

2011

tom 12

19-32

The paper refers to Bogusław Wolniewicz’s deliberations on moral problems whicare being generated by cloning of human embryo cells which is one of the rapidly develop-ing biotechnological methods. The philosopher perceives serious moral dilemmas of using human embryos for experiments as in his opinion a human embryo is a human being.Although it is deeply immoral method, it is very unlikely that scientists will abandon it because the expectations of improving quality of human life or prolonging it, due to using genetic material, are great. What is more, cloning of embryo cells is closely linked with transplantations. Furthermore, the philosopher points out that such experiments are in their essence the same as doctor Mengele’s criminal experiments during World War II.