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EN
Amaranthus caudatus L. seed germination was studied under different levels of water deficit induced by PEG 6000 in laboratory conditions. PEG at osmotic potentials -0.2 to -0.3 MPa at 24°C in darkness delayed germination and reduced final germination percentage. PEG solutions at osmotic potential lower than -0.3 MPa almost totally blocked seed germination. Ethephon was much more effective than GA3 in reversing PEG-caused inhibition of A. caudatus seed germination. PEG decreased α-amylase activity after 14 h incubation. It decreased β-amylase activity after 14 and 20 h, and caused an increase in total dehydrogenase activity only after 20 h of incubation. Unlike GA3, ethephon increased α-amylase activity in seeds after 12 and 14 h of incubation under water deficit. After 20 h of incubation there was no difference in α-amylase activity in any of the treatments. Neither ethephon nor GA3 affected the activity of β-amylase and dehydrogenase.
EN
This paper presents the possibility of using sodium trithiocarbonate to remove heavy metals such as copper, nickel, and tin from industrial wastewater generated by the production of printed circuit boards (PCBs). Initial metal removal studies aimed at selecting an effective precipitant and optimizing the precipitation process were conducted on an laboratory scale. The smallest concentrations of copper, nickel, and tin in treated wastewater (Cu 0.09 mg/L, Ni 0.009 mg/L, Sn <0.005 mg/L) were obtained after using a stoichiometric sodium trithiocarbonate dose at pH 9.0-9.5. Optimizing the metal removal process was possible by using the surface response method to obtain a good adjustment of the experimental data to the data obtained from the model (R² = 0.9307, R² adj. = 0.8845). The results of laboratory and model studies were used during industrial-scale testing in a wastewater treatment plant located in a PCB manufacturing plant. Optimization the wastewater treatment process on an industrial scale allowed us to obtain treated wastewater with very low copper (<0.005-0.014 mg/L), nickel (<0.005-0.008 mg/L), and tin (<0.005 mg/L) concentrations.
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