The paper presents findings on secular score gains in Raven’s Progressive Matrices during six decades (1948- 2009) in Polish adolescents. Seven groups are being compared, comprising of 20, 490 subjects in total. The representative groups examined in 2000 (N=1,331) and 2009 (N=3,650) are those of special interest as they are the most numerous and allowing formal means comparison using standard test for comparison of means and Welch’s test. Possible causes for the noted effect are being discussed, with special emphasis on the economic growth and its implications - such as improved nutrition, education changes, growth of adolescent’s well-being and child upbringing practices.
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One of the most crucial problems of a widely understood ethic was, and still is, the question of the nature and origin of evil. Dealing with the question it is impossible to pass over Immanuel Kant’s views. He waited for long with the publication of his work in which the problem of evil would be exposed in a more elaborate way. It was not until 1793 that Religion within the Limits of Reason appeared. The aim of the present article is to present Kant’s conception; along with the explication of the notion of evil, the stress is also put on the relation of good and evil, and the connection of ‘evil’ with other terms, such as ‘freedom’ for example, which are of key importance for Kantian ethics.
The paper presents findings on secular score gains in Raven’s Progressive Matrices during six decades (1948- 2009) in Polish adolescents. Seven groups are being compared, comprising of 20, 490 subjects in total. The representative groups examined in 2000 (N=1,331) and 2009 (N=3,650) are those of special interest as they are the most numerous and allowing formal means comparison using standard test for comparison of means and Welch’s test. Possible causes for the noted effect are being discussed, with special emphasis on the economic growth and its implications - such as improved nutrition, education changes, growth of adolescent’s well-being and child upbringing practices.
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The objective of this study was to examine the degradation of short peptides corresponding to modified fragments of human growth hormone-releasing hormone by trypsin. Six analogues of pentapeptide 9-13 of human growth hormone-releasing hormone containing homoarginine, ornithine, glutamic acid, glycine, leucine or phenylalanine residue in position 11, two analogues of hexapeptide 8-13 of human growth hormone-releasing hormone and two analogues of heptapeptide 7-13 of human growth hormone-releasing hormone containing homoarginine or glycine residue in position 11 were obtained. The peptides were subjected to digestion by trypsin and the course of reaction was monitored using HPLC. It was found that the rate of hydrolysis of the Lys12-Val13 peptide bond depends on the amino-acid residue preceding Lys12. The extension of the peptide chain towards the N-terminus by introduction of consecutive amino-acid residues corresponding to the human growth hormone-releasing hormone sequence accelerates the hydrolysis process. These results may be of assistance in designing new analogues of human growth hormone-releasing hormone, more resistant to the activity of proteolytic enzymes.
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