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Content available remote Spice plants - medicinal plants as a motif in exlibrises
100%
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nr 1-2(25-26)
221-239
EN
Many plants known from the earliest times of humankind are still present in contemporary official medicine, although now they are less frequently used in a direct way. However, they form a basis for producing many composite drugs, as well as pure isolated medicinal substances, which are easy in dosage and thus make the therapeutic process easy to control. Many of those plants are staple components of our diet, as well as spices that are used in our kitchens on an eveyrday basis. They add flavour and aroma to dishes and also keep food from decaying. Additonally they function to stimulate digestion by increasing the secretion of saliva, and digestive juices in the stomach and in the gall bladder. They also regulate the bacterial flora of the digestive tract, which has an impact on the level of general health of a person. Most of today's spices from Asia, Africa and Europe have been known since antiquity, where they were used in the cultures of ancient Egypt, Sumer, Assyria and Greece. To a large extent, the spread of those spices is attributable to the Arabs, and later to European explorers. The stock of spice plants grew even larger after the discovery of America by the Europeans. The value of spices was so great that special expeditions were organized to obtain them, and their importation into Europe costed many a human life; however, this contributed to many exotic species finding their way into, for instance, the court of King Ladislaus Jagiello. Recent years have brought about discoveries of many new compounds in spice plants, which has allowed such plants to acquire new uses in treatment. One of these involves the rhizome of ginger, which is used as an anti-emetic in motion sickness in the form of the 'Avioplant' preparation. The medicinal and spice plants presented in the paper have been comprised in thirteen exlibrises dedicated to Mario de Filippis, the greatest collector of bookplates in the world, and also an excellent restaurateur from Arezzo near Rome.
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nr 2
EN
The purpose of the studies was to observe the dynamics of number of Metopolophium dirhodum (Walk.) on rugosa rose, multiflowered rose, park rose cv. ‘Grandhotel’ and different varieties of border roses. Observations were conducted in four different sites in the green area of Lublin in the years 2001–2003. M. dirhodum was observed on all the analyzed roses. Annually this aphid colonized only the shrubs of rugosa rose and park rose ‘Grandhotel’ in all the sites. This is a host-alternating species, with the migration to the summer host of obligatory character (the colonies were observed in spring and autumn). The weather conditions had a significant effect on the date of the spring appearance and the autumn disappearance of aphids. The most numerous aphids were observed in the street site, while in the park one the population of this aphid was the lowest. Rosa rugosa was exceptionally willingly colonized by M. dirhodum. Those aphids occurred there in much higher numbers as compared with the other roses.
PL
Celem przeprowadzonych badań było prześledzenie dynamiki liczebności mszyc Metopolophium dirhodum (Walk.) na róży pomarszczonej, wielokwiatowej, parkowej odmiany ‘Grandhotel’ oraz na różnych odmianach róż rabatowych. Obserwacje prowadzono w latach 2001–2003 w czterech odmiennych stanowiskach na terenie zieleni miejskiej Lublina. M. dirhodum obserwowano na wszystkich analizowany różach. Rokrocznie i we wszystkich stanowiskach mszyca ta zasiedlała jedynie krzewy róży pomarszczonej i róży parkowej ‘Grandhotel’. Jest to gatunek różnodomny, u którego migracja na żywiciela letniego ma charakter obligatoryjny (kolonie notowano wiosną oraz jesienią). Na terminy wiosennego pojawu oraz jesiennego zaniku mszyc w istotny sposób wpływał przebieg warunków pogodowych. Najliczniej mszyce te występowały na stanowisku przyulicznym. Wyjątkowo chętnie M. dirhodum zasiedlała krzewy R. rugosa, na której występowała w wielokrotnie większej liczebności w porównaniu z innymi różami.
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2010
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tom 50
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nr 1
EN
The aim of the study was to determine the level of threat by currant clearwing moth to black currant plantations in the vicinity of Lublin. Moth catches were performed using deltoid pheromone traps set, and the cane cutting methods were also used. Moths’ flight started at the end of May and lasted up to the first days of August. The flight dynamics was diversified on the particular plantations. The males’ catches and the cut shoots analysis showed that the economics threshold level was exceeded. The control of currant clearwing should be performed both on horticultural farms and amateur cultivations.
EN
The choice of host plants by the phytophagous insects depends on a number of factors, including secondary metabolites which as “specific plant substances” have a significant influence not only on the physiology and behaviour of plant-eating insects but also on the chemism of plants’ defense. The present paper determined the effect of the feeding of Acrobasis advenella caterpillars on the content of flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins in the inflorescences of two species of host plants, namely Aronia melanocarpa and Sorbus aucuparia. The content of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the extracts of both plants where caterpillars were feeding was lower as compared to the extracts from control plants. It was found out that the content of tannins in the plant material of S. aucuparia where caterpillars were feeding increased in comparison to the control material. In 2009, their content was found to be more than 1.5 times higher, reaching over 13% of DW. A reverse reaction was observed in the case of A. melanocarpa, where the content of tannins dropped significantly. The value of that parameter in 2009 decreased more than 1.5 times and it was 5.42% of DW, while in 2010 the decrease was 2-fold, reaching 2.61% of DW.
PL
Wybór roślin żywicielskich przez fitofaga zależny jest od wielu czynników, wśród których metabolity wtórne jako „swoiste substancje roślin” wykazują istotny wpływ nie tylko na fizjologię i zachowanie się roślinożernych owadów, ale także na chemizm obrony roślin. Celem pracy było porównanie zawartości wybranych metabolitów wtórnych w kwiatostanach dwóch gatunków roślin żywicielskich Acrobasis advenella (Sorbus aucuparia i Aronia melanocarpa) oraz określenie zmian zachodzących w nich pod wpływem żerowania gąsienic. W ekstraktach zarówno aronii, jak i jarzębiny, w których erowały gąsienice, zawartość flawonoidów i kwasów fenolowych była mniejsza w porównaniu z ekstraktami roślin kontrolnych. Stwierdzono, że w materiale roślinnym S. aucuparia, w którym żerowały gąsienice, zawartość garbników wzrosła w porównaniu z materiałem kontrolnym. W roku 2009 ich zawartość była 1,5-krotnie większa i osiągnęła ponad 13% suchej masy. Przeciwną reakcję obserwowano w przypadku A. melanocarpa, gdzie zawartość garbników znacznie spadła, w 2009 r. ponad 1,5-krotnie i wyniosła 5,42% suchej masy, a w roku 2010 – 2-krotnie, osiągając 2,61%.
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