Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Body Heat Balance of a Man with Deficient Sweat Rate Subjected to Physical Work in a Hot Environment

100%

Sołtyński K. , Konarska M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2000

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tom Vol. 6, No. 3

335--345

EN

The dynamics of physiological stress and thermal balance were investigated in men subjected to endogenous and exogenous heat loads. The study was conducted using the thermometric method. Substantial differences in the dynamics of the tested parameters and their quantitative characteristics were observed in 1 out of 8 participants. In this article, the observed differences are rationalized in terms of the deficient sweat rate mechanism. It is pointed out that it is indispensable to address these cases in work safety regulations.

2

80%

Marszałek A. , Smolander J. , Sołtyński K.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2004

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tom Vol. 10, No. 4

361--367

EN

The aim of the study was to compare heat strain among different age groups of men in protective clothing during short-term physical work. Eight young (20-29 years), 6 middle-aged (41-55 years), and 6 older (58-65 years) men exercised for 30 min on a cycle ergometer (40% VO2 max) in 2 hot environments with a similar WBGT (ca. 26 ºC): once with minimal clothing without infrared radiation (E1), and once with aluminized protective clothing under infrared radiation (E2). All subjects had sedentary jobs, but only the older subjects were physically active in their leisure-time. Body temperatures, heart rate, sweat rate, and subjective feelings were determined during the tests. Higher thermal strain was observed in E2 than in E1. No age-related differences in thermal strain were observed in either experiment indicating that active older men can tolerate short work periods with protective clothing in the heat as well as younger sedentary men.

3

Aspects of Standardisation in Measuring Thermal Clothing Insulation on a Thermal Manikin

70%

Konarska M. , Sołtyński K. , Sudoł-Szopińska I. , Młoźniak D. , Chojnacka A.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2006

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tom Vol. 14, no. 4 (58)

58--63

EN

The aim of this paper is to analyse the influence on a standing thermal manikin of various factors such as thermal environment parameters (temperature, humidity, velocity/direction of air flow), how heating power is transferred to the manikin, and the time required to reach thermal balance during tests with thermal clothing insulation. Three sets of clothing, designed for protecting before cold, intended for use at very low temperatures (0, -10 and -25 °C) were tested in a climatic chamber on a standing thermal manikin. The results of the tests yielded the following results: 1) methods to control the transfer of heating power to the manikin have a negligible influence on the determined value of clothing thermal insulation, 2) air velocity decreases the tested thermal insulation by 7%, whereas an increase in temperature increases the thermal insulation, 3) temperature in a climatic chamber should be determined in accordance with the anticipated clothing insulation of the clothing ensemble being tested. The tests showed that in order to obtain reliable and accurate results, it is necessary to maintain an appropriate air velocity in the climatic chamber, of around 0.3 to 0.5 m/s, and an appropriate difference in temperatures between the manikin’s surface and the environment at a minimum of 12 °C.

PL

Celem pracy była analiza wpływu na termiczny manekin takich czynników, jak: parametry otoczenia (temperatura, wilgotność, szybkość/kierunek strumienia powietrza), sposób przekazywania mocy grzejnej do manekina oraz czas wymagany do osiągnięcia równowagi termicznej. Na manekinie umieszczonym w komorze klimatycznej testowano trzy zestawy odzieży zaprojektowanej do ochrony przed zimnem i przeznaczonej do używania w bardzo niskich temperaturach (0, -10 i -25 °C). Wyniki pomiarów przedstawiały się następująco: 1) metody służące do kontroli przekazywania mocy grzewczej do manekina mają nieznaczny wpływ na wyznaczoną wartość izolacyjności cieplnej odzieży, 2) prędkość powietrza obniża badaną izolacyjność termiczną o 7%, podczas gdy wzrost temperatury powoduje również wzrost izolacyjności cieplnej, 3) temperatura w komorze klimatycznej powinna być określona zgodnie z przewidywaną izolacyjnością cieplną badanej odzieży. Testy pokazują, że w celu uzyskania rzetelnych i dokładnych wyników, niezbędne jest zachowanie odpowiedniej prędkości powietrza w komorze klimatycznej, na poziomie około 0,3 – 0,5 m/s i właściwej różnicy temperatur pomiędzy powierzchnią manekina a otoczeniem, minimalnie 12 °C.

4

Thermal Manikin Measurements - Exact or Not?

51%

Anttonen H. , Niskanen J. , Meinander H. , Bartels V. , Kuklane K. , Reinertsen R. E. , Varieras S. , Sołtyński K.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2004

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tom Vol. 10, No. 3

291--300

EN

According to the European prestandard ENV 342:1998 [1], the thermal insulation of cold-protective clothing is measured with a thermal manikin. Systematic studies on the reproducibility of the values, measured with different types of clothing on the commonly used standing and walking manikins, have not been reported in the literature. Over 300 measurements were done in 8 different European laboratories. The reproducibility of the thermal insulation test results was good. The coefficient of variation was lower than 8%. The measured clothing should fit the manikin precisely, because poorly fitting clothing gave an error in the results. The correlation between parallel and serial insulation values was excellent and parallel values were about 20% lower than serial ones. The influence of ambient conditions was critical only in the case of air velocity. The reproducibility of thermal insulation test results in a single laboratory was good, and the variation was lower than 3%.