Polymorphism of 11 microsatellite DNA loci was analysed in Polish Red (PR), Hereford and Holstein-Friesian (HF) cattle raised in Poland and genetic distance among these breeds was determined. At the 11 loci (TGLA227, BM2113, TGLA53, ETH10, SPS115, TGLA126, TGLA122, INRA23, ETH3, ETH225 and BM1824) analysed with automated DNA sizing technology, a total of 213 alleles were identified: 76 in PR, 76 in HF, and 61 in Hereford. All the microsatellite DNA markers showed high polymorphism. Polymorphism information content (PIC) calculated for each marker exceeded 0.5, except for the ETH3 locus in Hereford cattle (PIC=0.475), and heterozygosity (H) ranged from 54.1% to as much as 85.2%. The coefficient of genetic distance was 0.354 between PR and Hereford, 0.414 between HF and Hereford, and 0.416 between PR and HF cattle.
Genetic variation of endangered Bi?goraj horses and two common Polish horse breeds was compared with the use of 12 microsatellite loci (AHT4, AHT5, ASB2, HMS2, HMS3, HMS6, HMS7, HTG4, HTG6, HTG7, HTG10, VHL20). Lower allelic diversity was detected in all investigated populations in comparison to other studies. Large differences in the frequencies of microsatellite alleles between Bi?goraj horses and two other horse breeds were discovered. In all polymorphic loci all investigated breeds were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Mean Fis values and the results of a test for the presence of a recent bottleneck were non-significant in all studied populations. Comparable values of observed and expected gene diversity indicate no substantial loss of genetic variation in the Bi?goraj population and two other breeds. The lowest variability observed in the investigated group of Thoroughbred horses was confirmed. About 10% of genetic variation are explained by differences between breeds. Values of pairwise Fst and two measures of genetic distance demonstrated that Bi?goraj horses are distantly related to both common horse breeds.
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